Term
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Definition
| Changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language. |
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Definition
| These are due to a subject's time of birth or generation, but not age. |
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Definition
| The setting in which development occurs that is influences by historical, economic, social, and cultural factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| The goal is to describe the strength of the relation between two or more events or characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| The behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation. |
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Definition
| Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems theory that focuses on five environmental systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| A range of characteristis rooted in cultural heritage, including nationality, race, religion and language. |
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Term
| Normative History-graded Influences |
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Definition
| Biological and environmental influences that are associated with history. These influences are common to people of a particular generation. |
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Term
| Non-normative Life Events |
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Definition
| Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on a person's life. The occurrence, pattern, and sequence of these events are not applicable to many individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors are important in understanding development. |
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Term
| Socio-emotional Processes |
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Definition
| Changes in an individual's relationships with other people, emotions, and personality. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the conceptual grouping of people with similar occupational, education, and economic characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uniform procedures are followed for administration and scoring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in an individual's physical nature. |
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Term
| Normative Age-graded Influences |
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Definition
| Biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sample of fluid from the placenta is withdrawn by syringe and tested for chromosome or metabolic disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| A widely used assessment of the newborn's health at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chromosomally transmitted form of mental retardation, caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. |
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Term
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Definition
| Emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment. |
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Term
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) |
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Definition
| A cluster of abnormalities that appears in the offspring of mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person's genetic heritage; the actual genetic material. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies pregnancies that have an elevated risk for birth defects such as Spina Bifida and Down Syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organ formation that takes place during the first two months of prenatal development. |
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Term
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Definition
| The way an individual's genetic potential is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A noninvasive prenatal medical procedure in which high-frequency sound waves are directed into the pregnant woman's abdomen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Piagetian concept of adjusting schemes to fit new information and experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Piagetian concept of using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs from top to bottom. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The perspective on motor development that seeks to explain how a motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mechanism that Piaget proposed to explain how children shift from one stage of thought to the next. |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor skills that involve more precisely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as walking. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased responsiveness to stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to reproduce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing. |
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Term
| Language Acquisition Device |
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Definition
| Chomsky's term that describes a biological endowment enabling the child to detect the features and rules of language. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Piagetian term for understanding that objects and events continue to exist, even when they cannot be directly seen, heard, or touched. |
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Term
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Definition
| The interpretation of what is being sensed by the sensory receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Piaget's theory, actions, or mental representations that organize knowledge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to determine whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| A close emotional bond between two people. |
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Term
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Definition
| The match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope. |
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Term
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Definition
| Babies who show insecurity by avoiding the mother (caregiver). |
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Term
| Insecure Disorganized Babies |
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Definition
| Babies who show disorientation; fearful, dazed, or confused behavior. |
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Term
| Insecure Resistant Babies |
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Definition
| Babies who often cling to the caregiver, then resist her by fighting against the closeness, perhaps by kicking or pushing away. |
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Term
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Definition
| The abilities to crawl, walk, and rule and explore, which increases the baby's expanding social world. |
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Term
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Definition
| Socialization that is bidirectional, from parents to children to children to parents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Babies who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of emotionally responding. |
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