Term
| Personality Psych Definition |
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Definition
| the scientific study of the psychological forces that make people uniquely themselves |
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Term
| Personality Psyc 8 Key Aspects |
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Definition
1. unconscious aspects
2. ego forces
3. biological being
4. conditioned and shaped
5. cognitive dimension
6. traits, skills and predispositions
7. spiritual dimension
8. interaction |
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Definition
| the use of systematically gathered evidence to test theories |
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Definition
deductive -- use laws/generalizations to come to a conclusion
inductive - take data and then come to a conclusion |
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Definition
comprehensive - explain different phenomena
parsimonious - explain things concisely
falsifiable - able to be tested for corrections
productive -- help with future research |
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Definition
1. psychoanalytic
2. neo-analytic/ego
3. biological
4. behaviorist
5. cognitive
6. trait
7. humanistic/existential
8. integrationist |
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Term
| history of personality psychology |
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Definition
1. theater and self-presentation - character sketches, ancient green and romans, relative self
2. religion
3. evolutionary biology
4. testing - wartime strategies
5. modern - 1930s. kohler, lewin, murray, mead |
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Term
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Definition
| the unconscious, the self, uniqueness, gender, situations, and cultures |
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Term
| authoritarian personality |
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Definition
| 1930s/40s. a person with antidemocratic tendencies like being narrow minded, rigid, defensive, and tends to show prejudice against minority groups |
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Definition
| the tendency to believe in the accuracy of vague generalities about one's personality |
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Term
| objective / subjective assessment |
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Definition
objective - measurement is not dependento n the indvidual making the asessment
subjective - measurement relies on individual's interpretation. |
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Definition
| the consistency of socres that are expected to be the same - stepping on a scale every 10 mins for an hour |
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Definition
| variations of a measure that are the result of irrelevant, chance fluctuations. - the springs of the scale are altered with humidity |
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| Internal consistency reliability |
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Definition
1. degree of consistency is measured by using split half reliability - subparts yield the same results
2. test-retest reliability - consistent results when taken on different occassions |
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Definition
| the extent to which a test measures what its supposed to be measuring |
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Definition
the extent to which a test truly measures a theoretical construct.
should show: convergent validation (related to what is should be related to) and discriminant validation (not related to what it shouldn't be related to) |
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Term
| criterion-related validation |
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Definition
extent to which an assessment predicts the outcome criteria that were produced by different assessment methods.
give an iq test and then test them again on something else to see if they really are smart |
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Definition
| extent to which a test is measuring the domain its supposed to be measuring. in the test, cover all relevant categories relating to what you're testing |
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Definition
adding more questions increases reliability and validity.
should discriminate against test takers
items should be intercorrelated
hsould yield a proper discrimination
IRT |
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Term
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Definition
| a mathematical appraoch to choosing test items in which the probability of a positive response to an item is determined by the person's estimated position on the underlying trait being measured, as well as by characteristics of the item. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Response sets
2. ethnic Bias
3. Gender Bias |
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Term
| Varieties of Personality Measures |
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Definition
1. self report tests
2. q-sort tests
3. Ratings and Judgements by others
4. Biological Measures
5. Behavioral Observations
6. Interviews
7. Expressive Behavior
8. document analysis
9. projective tests (TAT)
10. demographics and lifestyle |
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Term
| Basic Elements of Research |
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Definition
| case studies, correlation studies, and experimental studies |
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Term
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Definition
| use of a limited set of adjective or adjuective dimensions to describe and scale individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
1. ancient concepts (bible, ancient greece)
2. Jung's Extroversion and Introversion
3. The Use of Statistic: RB Cattell
4. q/t/l - data and 16 PF
5. Gordon Allport's Trait Psychology
6. The big 5 |
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Term
| ancient Greece personality |
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Definition
sanguine (blood) - hopeful, cheerful
Melancholic (black Bile) - sad, depressive
Choleric (yellow bile) - angry, irascible
Phlegmatic (phlegm) - slow, apathetic |
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Term
| The Myers-Briggs Type indicator |
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Definition
| a widely used instrument that attempts to measure introversion and extroversion and seeral other subclassifications of Jung's |
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| Sensation-Intuition Scale |
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Definition
| Subclass of the myers-briggs type indicator that reflect whether a person is more prone to realism or imagination |
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Definition
| subclass of myers-brigg type indicator that reflects whether a peron is logical and objective or personal and subjective |
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Definition
Cattell
describe data gathered from self reports and questionnaires. |
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Definition
| Data gathered from placing a person in a controlled test situation and noting or rating reponses |
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Definition
| data gathered from a person's life from school records or similar sources |
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Term
| 16 PF (Basic Personality Traits |
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Definition
| • Outgoing- reserved, more-less intelligent, stable-emotional, assertive-humble, happy go lucky-sober, conscientious – expedient, venturesome – shy, tender minded – tough minded, suspicious – trusting, imaginative-practical, shrewd-forthright, apprehensive – placid, experimenting – conservative, self-sufficient- group tied, controlled- causal, tense-relaxed. |
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Definition
Allport
many behaviors of individuals are similar in the meaning becuase the individual tends to view many situations and stimuli the same way; the trait is the internal structure that causes this regularity |
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Definition
Allport
describes organizing structures that people in a population have.
ex - americans strive to push ahead of others |
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Term
| Functionally autonomous Motives |
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Definition
describes the idea that in adulthood many motives and tendencies become independent of their origins in childhood and that finding out where such tendencies orginated is therefore not important
ex - keeping things tidy |
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Definition
| the core of personality that defines who one is. |
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Term
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Definition
they have a nuclear quality and have to do with goals, motives or styles. These are traits that are peculiar to an individual.
cardinal dispositions - exert a ton of influence on behavior
central dispositions - severl dispositions which personality is organized |
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Term
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Definition
1. Extroversion (surgency) - enthusiasm, dominance, sociability
2. agreeableness - friendliness, cooperation
3. conscientiousness (impulsivity) - dependability, organization, responsibility
4. neuroticism (emotional instability) - nervous, tension, anxiety
5. openness - imagination,wit, creativity |
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Term
| Eysenck's Big 3 and related alternatives |
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Definition
1. extroversion - extrovers ahve less brain arrousal so they seek stimulation
2. Neuroticism
3. Psychoticism |
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Term
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Definition
| people are divided into categories instead of being placed along a contimuum |
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Definition
Need for achievement
need for Affiliation
Need for Power |
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Term
| Need for Achivement (n Ach) |
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Definition
persistent and driven to succeed.
enjoy individual challenges and may get a lot of degrees. rise to top in business |
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Term
| Need For Affiliation (n Aff) |
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Definition
sentiment - an instinct that is socialized to be attached to an object
need to draw near to win the affection of others. usually extroverted, agreeable, and conscientious |
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Definition
| Seeks positions and offices that allow or invite them to assert control over others. |
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Term
| Need for Exhibition (n Exh) |
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Definition
| the need to show one's self before others and to entertain, amuse, shock, and excite. |
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Term
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Definition
| elements like vocals, facial expressions, and gestures and movements. |
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