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| learning theory perspective that explains the development of behavior according to the principles of classical and operant conditioning |
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| neutral stimulus begins to elicit a response after being repeatedly paired with another stimulus that already elicits that response |
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| process by which the frequency of a behavior changes depending on response consequences in the form of a desirable or undesirable outcome |
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| theoretical approach emphasizing the importance of learning through observation and imitation of behaviors modeled by others |
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| learning that takes place by simply observing another person's behavior |
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| cognitive-developmental theory |
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| theoretical orientation (Piaget) emphasizing the active construction of psychological structures to interpret experience |
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| in piagetian theory, the inborn tendency to adjust or become more attuned to conditions imposed by the environment; takes place through assimilation and accommodation |
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| in piagetian theory, the mental structure underlying a coordinated and systematic pattern of behaviors or thinking applied across similar objects or situations |
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| in piagetian theory, a component of adaptation, process of interpreting an experience in terms of current ways of understanding things |
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| in piagetian theory, a component of adaptation; process of modification in thinking that takes place when old ways of understanding something no longer fit |
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| in piagetian theory, an innate self-reulatory process that, through accommodation and assimilation, results in more organized and powerful schemes for adapting to the environment |
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| humans have a limited capacity for taking in and operating on the vast amount of information available to them |
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| erikson's psychosocial theory of development |
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| personality develops through 8 stages of adaptive functioning to meet the demands framed by society |
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| eriksonian, the acceptance of both self and society, a concept that must be achieved at every stage but is especially important during adolescence |
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| ecological systems theory |
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| bronfenbrenner's theory that development is influenced by experiences arising from broader social and cultural systems as well as a child's immediate surroundings |
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| emphasizes the unique collective wisdom compiled and transmitted to the child through ongoing, daily interactions with the more knowledgeable members of that society |
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| theoretical orientation that explains development as the emerging organization arising from the interaction of many different processes |
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| concerned with the evolutionary origins of behavior and its adaptive and survival value in animals, including humans |
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| sensitive period/critical period |
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| brief period during which specific kinds of experiences have significant positive or negative consequences for development and behavior |
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| form of learning, difficult to reverse, during a sensitive period in development in which an organism tends to stay near a particular stimulus |
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