Term
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Definition
| the study of continuity and change across life span |
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Term
| Zygote, Germinal, Embryonic and Fetal stage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a single cell with chromosomes from both sperm and egg |
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Term
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Definition
| two week period that begins at conception when cell division takes place |
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Term
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Definition
| second to eighth week of development when zygote continues to dive and cells differentiate forming the embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| ninth week until birth when embryo becomes a fetus |
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Term
brain cells are manufactured.
Myelination |
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Definition
| Nervous system in fetal stage |
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Term
| zygote travels back to fallopian tube and implants itself in the wall of the uterus, marking the start of embryonic stage. |
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Definition
| Processes in germinal stage |
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Term
embryo already has heart and body parts.
Chromosome X and Y start to produce a testosterone, masculinize the reproductive organs. |
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Definition
| Processes in embryonic stage |
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Term
has skeleton and muscle - able to move.
cell body when travel at the right area will develop axons and dendrites; myelination. |
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Definition
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Term
| Prenatal environment -> teratogens |
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Definition
| agents that damage the process of development, such as drugs and viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| stems from heavy alcohol use during pregnancy. |
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Term
short eye openings, a flat midface, an indistinct or flat ridge under the nose,a thin upper lip.
may also have: tiny folds of tissue along the eye opening, a long nasal bridge,underdeveloped jaw, and minor ear anomalies. |
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Definition
| Facial features associated with FAS |
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Term
| increased likelihood of schizophrenia, antisocial disorder. |
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Definition
| Consequence of food deprivation |
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Term
| increased risk of birth defects (shape, size of the head and structure of the brain). mental retardation, have more problems with academic achievement than others. |
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Definition
| Consequences of fetal alcohol syndrome |
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Term
| lower birth weights, perceptual and attentional problems. |
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Definition
| Consequences of tobacco usage during pregnancy and/or second-hand smoke |
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Term
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Definition
| the stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months |
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Term
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Definition
| the emergence of the ability to execute the physical action |
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Term
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Definition
| specific patterns of motor responses that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation |
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Term
0-1: prone, lifts head
2-4.5: prone, chest up, arm support
3-6: bear some weight on legs
5-7.5: sit w/o support
5-10: stand holding on
6-10: pull self to stand
7-13: walks holding on to furniture
10-13: stands well alone
11-14: walks well alone
14-24: walks up steps |
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Definition
| major achievement of motor development during infancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| the "top - to - bottom" rule that describes the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the head to the feet |
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Term
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Definition
| the "inside-to-outside" rule that describes the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery. |
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Term
| sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operational stage |
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Definition
| Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development |
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Term
| Sensorimotor stage (birth - 2 years) |
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Definition
| Infant experiences world through movement and senses, develop schemas, begins to act intentionally, and shows evidence of understanding object permanence. |
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Term
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Definition
| the emergence of the ability to understand the world |
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Term
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Definition
| theories about or models of the way the world works |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which infants apply their schemas in novel situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which infants revise their schemas in light of new information |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. |
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Term
| pre-operational stage (2-6 years) kindergartens |
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Definition
| child acquires motor skills but does not understand conservation of physical properties. Child begins this stage by thinking egocentrically but ends with a basic understanding of other minds. Children have preliminary understanding of the physical world. |
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Term
| Concrete operational stage (6-11 years) |
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Definition
| Child can think logically about physical objects and events and understands conservation of physical properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| the notion that the quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite the changes in the object's appearance. |
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Term
| Formal operational (11 years and up) |
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Definition
| Child can think logically about abstract propositions and hypotheticals. |
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Term
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Definition
| The failure to understand that the world appears differently to different observers. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that human behavior is guided by mental representation, which gives rise to the realization that the world is not always the way it looks and that different people see it differently. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to focus on just one property of an object to the exclusion of all others. |
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Term
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Definition
| operation that changes something can be reversed to return to its original state. |
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Term
| secure, avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized |
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Definition
| 4 different attachment styles |
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Term
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Definition
| the emotional bond that forms between the newborns and their primary caregivers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A behavioral test developed by Mary Ainsworth that is used to determined a child's attachment style |
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Term
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Definition
when mothers leave the room: distressed or not.
when mothers come back: children go to her promptly or acknowledge her return with a glance or a smile. - regard their caregivers a secure base. |
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Term
| Avoidant attachment style |
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Definition
when mothers leave the room: not distressed.
when mothers come back: do not acknowledge her return. |
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Term
| Ambivalent attachment style |
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Definition
when mothers leave the room: distressed.
when mothers come back: go to her promptly, but avoids her soothing. |
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Term
| Disorganized attachment style |
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Definition
| no consistent pattern of responses. |
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Term
| Internal working model of attachment |
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Definition
| a set of expectations about how the primary caregiver will respond when the child feels insecure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity. |
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Term
moral thinking is a skill, which changes from:
1. realism to relativism
2. prescription to principles
3. consequences to intentions
It closely ties to other cognitive skills. |
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Definition
| Jean Piaget's views of moral development |
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Term
preconventional stage: consequences
conventional stage: social rules
postconventional stage: ethical rules |
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Definition
| Lawrence Kohlberg's view of moral development |
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