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A fact, statement, or premise that is considered true and that guides the underlying logic of a theory. |
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Includes all those processes necessary for the physical functioning of the organism. Sensory capacities, motor responses, and the workings of the respiratory, endocrine, and circulatory systems are all biological processes. |
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Refers to the socially standardized ways of thinking, feelings, and acting that are shared by members of a society. |
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The average number of years from birth to death, as based on statistical analyses of the length of life for people born in a particular period. |
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Refers to the typical length of time that any particular organism can be expected to live. |
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The length or duration of life. |
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(1) The capability of being shaped and molded; (2) the capacity for continuous alteration of the neural circuits and synapses of the living bran and nervous system in response to experiencce or injury that involves formation of new circuits and synapses and the elimination or modification of existing ones. |
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Commonly understood as the condition of having little money and few material possessions. Since poverty is defined at the family level and not the household level, the poverty status of the household is determined by the poverty status of the householder. Households are classified as poor when the total income of the householder's family is below the appropriate poverty threshold. (For nonfamily householders, their own income is compared with the appropriate threshold.) The income of people living in the household who are unrelated to the householder is not considered when determining the poverty status of a household, nor does their presence affect the family size in determining the appropriate threshold. The poverty thresholds vary depending on three criteria: size of family, number of related children, and, for 1-and 2-person families, age of householder.
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| Includes those mental processes central to the person's ability to make meaning of experiences and take action. Emotion, memory and perception, problem solving, language, symbolic abilities, and orientation to the future all require the use of of psychological processes. The psychological system provides the resources for processing information and navigating reality. |
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Seeks to understand the internal experiences that are the product of interactions among biological, psychological, and societal processes. |
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Social Cognitive Neuroscience |
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| The field of study that explores the neurological processes associated with the ways we perceive social information and reason about others. It is premised on the idea that articulating the biological, cognitive, and social levels of analysis contribute to more comprehensive explanations of human mind and behavior. While higher order meta-cognitive processes affect how we consciously operate in social interactions, automatic and unconscious mechanisms also account for much social interaction. |
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| Includes those processes through which a person becomes integrated into society. Societal influences include social roles, rituals, cultural myths, social expectations, leadership styles, communication patterns, family organization, ethnic and subcultural influences, political and religious ideologies, patterns of economic prosperity or poverty and war or peace, and exposure to racism, sexism, and other forms of discrimination, intolerance, or intergroup hostility. The impact of the societal system on psychosocial development results largely from interpersonal relationships, often relationships with close or significant others. |
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