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Definition
| identification of the self as a physically unique being |
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| Language acquisition device |
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Definition
| in Chomsky's theory a biologically based innate system that permits children no matter which language they hear to understand and speak in a rule oriented fashion as son as they have picked up enough words |
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| in Piaget's theory, the process of building schemes through direct interaction with the environment. made up of two complementary processes: assimilation and accommodation |
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| zone of proximal development |
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Definition
| in Vygotsky's theory a range of tasks that the child cannot yet handle alone but can do with the help of more skilled partners |
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Definition
| in ecological systems theory the activities and interaction patterns in the person's immediate surroundings |
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| in ecological systems theory the activities and interaction patterns in the person's immediate surroundings |
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| in ecological systems theory the values laws customs and resources of a culture that influence experiences and interaction at inner levels of the environment |
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| in information processing the part of the mental system that contain our permanent knowledge base |
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| infants born several weeks or more before their due date |
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| infants whose birth weight is below their expected weight when length of pregnancy is taken into account. some are full term; others are preterm infants who are especially under weights |
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Definition
| infants' use of the familiar caregiver as a point from which to explore the environment and return for emotional support |
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Definition
| influences on lifespan development that are irregular in that they happen t just one or a few individual and do not follow a predictable timetable |
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Definition
| influences on lifespan development that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long they last |
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| history graded influences |
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Definition
| influences on lifespan development that are unique to a particular historical era and explain why people born around the same time tend to be alike in way that set them apart for people born in other times |
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Definition
| law's and government programs designed to improve social problems and current conditions |
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Definition
| learning by copying the behavior of another person |
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Definition
| loss of connective fibers by seldom-stimulated neurons, therby returning them to an uncommitted state so they can support the development of future skills |
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Definition
| new response due to conditions stimulus |
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Definition
| perception that combines information from more than one modality or sensory system |
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Definition
| pleasant vowel like noises ads by infants beginning around 2 months of age |
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Definition
| procedures that combine conditioning and modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and increase desirable responses |
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Definition
| relying on a trusted person's emotional reaction to decide how to respond in an uncertain situation |
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Definition
| repetition of consonant-vowel combinations in long strings, beginning around 4 months of age |
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Definition
| rod-like structures in the cell nucleus that store and transmit genetic information |
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Definition
| societies in which people define themselves as part of a group and stress group over individual goals. |
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Term
| individualistic societies |
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Definition
| societies in which people think of themselves as separate entities and are largely concerned with their own personal needs |
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Term
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Definition
| specialization of functions of the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex |
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Term
| emotional self regulation |
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Definition
| strategies for adjusting our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity so we can accomplish our goals |
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Definition
| studies comparing the characteristics of family members to determine the importance of heredity in complex human characteristics |
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Definition
| the 22 matching chromosome pairs in each human cell |
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Definition
| the ability to remember and copy the behavior of models who are not present |
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Definition
| the ability to understand another's emotional state and feel with that person or respond emotionally in a simpler |
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Definition
| the age at which the fetus can first survive if born early. Occurs sometime between 22 and 26 weeks |
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Definition
| the condition of children who display some but not all of the defects of fetal alcohol syndrome usually their mothers drank alcohol in smaller quantities during pregnancy that did more than mothers of children with fetal alcohol syndrome |
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Definition
| the effects of history graded influences on research findings: People born in one period of time are influenced by particular historical and cultural conditions |
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Definition
| the gaps between neurons across which chemical messages are sent |
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Term
| dominant cerebral hemisphere |
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Definition
| the hemisphere of the brain responsible for skilled motor action. The left hemisphere is dominant in right-handed individuals. In left-handed individuals the right hemisphere ma be dominate or motor and language skills may be shared between the hemispheres |
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Term
| genetic environmental correlation |
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Definition
| the idea that heredity influences the environment to which people are exposed |
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Definition
| the inability of most older children and adults to remember events that happened before age 3 |
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| the infant's expression of fear in response to unfamiliar adults. appears in man babies after 6 months of age |
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Definition
| the inner membrane that forms a protective covering around the prenatal organism |
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Definition
| the largest structure of the human brain which accounts for the highly developed intelligence of the human race. |
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Definition
| the long cord connecting the prenatal organism to the placenta that delivers nutrient and removes waste products |
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Definition
| the organ that separates the mother's bloodstream from the embryo or fetal bloodstream but permits exchange of nutrients and waste products |
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Definition
| the outer membrane that forms a protective covering around the prenatal organism. |
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Definition
| the part of the information processing system where sights and sounds are represented directly and stored briefly |
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Term
| working or short-term memory |
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Definition
| the part of the information processing system where we work on a limited amount information actively applying mental strategies so the information will be retained |
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Definition
| the percentage of instances in which both twins show a trait when it is present in one twin. |
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Term
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Definition
| the practice of giving a newly constructed test to a large, representative sample of individuals which serves as the standard for interpreting individual scores |
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Definition
| the primitive spinal cord that develops from the ectoderm the top of which swells to form the brain |
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Definition
| the process of cell division through which gametes are formed and in which the number of chromosomes in each cell is halved |
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Definition
| the process of cell duplication in which each new cell receives an exact copy of the original chromosomes |
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Definition
| the quality of attachment characterizing infants who are distressed by parental separation and easily comforted by the parent when she or he returns |
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Term
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Definition
| the quality of insecure attachment characterizing infants who are usually no distressed by parental separation and who avoid the parent when she or he returns |
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Term
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Definition
| the quality of insecure attachment characterizing infants who remain close to the parent before departure and display angry resistive behavior when she or he returns |
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Term
| disorganized/disoriented attachment |
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Definition
| the quality of insecure attachment characterizing infants who respond in a confused contradictory fashion when reunited with the parent. |
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Term
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Definition
| the self regulatory dimension of temperament that involves voluntarily suppressing a dominate response in order to plan and execute a more adaptive response. Variations in effort full control are evident in how effectively a child can focus and shift attention. inhibit impulses and engage in problem solving to manage negative emotions |
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Definition
| the smile evoked b the stimulus of the human face. First appears between 6 and 10 weeks |
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Definition
| the strong affectionate tie that humans have with special people in their lives that leads them to feel pleasure and joy when interacting with them and to be comforted by their nearness during times of stress |
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Definition
| the tendency of heredity to restrict the development of some characteristic to just one or a few outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| the understanding that objects continue to exist when they are out of sight |
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Definition
| the view that perceptual development involves the detection of increasingly fine-grained invariant features in the environment |
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Term
| experience-expectant brain growth |
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Definition
| the young brain's rapidly developing organization which depends on ordinary experiences such as opportunities to see and touch objects to hear language and other sounds and to move about and explore the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| three equal time periods in the prenatal period each of which lasts three months |
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Term
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Definition
| toddlers' two-word utterances that like a telegram leave out smaller and less important words |
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Term
| fraternal or dizygotic twins |
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Definition
| twins resulting from the released and fertilization of two ova. not any more alike than normal siblings |
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Definition
| voluntary obedience to requests and commands |
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Term
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Definition
| waiting for an appropriate time and place to engage in a tempting act |
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