Term
|
Definition
| Apoptosis or Autophagic Cell Death... They are instructed (transcribed from cell's own genes), coordinated series of events leading to cell destruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Process leading to cell self-destruction.
1. chromatin becomes very condensed and aggregates at the nuclear membrane (pyknosis)
2. Cell membrane stays intact
3. Neuron shrinks
4. Small protuberences (apoptotic bodies) containing cellular proteins are pinched off from the cell body and phagocytosed by macrophages
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell death caused by traumatic injury. Membrane transport is compromised due to elevated internal Ca2+ levels. Without essentials, the mitochondria shuts down, ceasing production of energy. Organelles swell up which activates lysosomal enzymes. The cell contents are digested and the cell bursts, releasing the enzymes into the ECM and thus spreading the injury to adjacent cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irriversible condensation of chromatin and its breaking up. Characteristic of both apoptosis and necrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Terminal UTP Nick End Labeling- during apoptosis, the DNA becomes fragmented. In this procedure an enzyme attaches labeled nucleotides to the exposed ends of the DNA fragments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzymes that cleave proteins (active during apoptosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Eating"... Engulfment and digestion by macrophages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Programmed cell death, differs from apoptosis in the fact that the cells own contents are digested internally by the cell's lysozymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As a neurotrophin, NGF is known to increase the size of senosry and sympathetic ganglion and increases the range of target synapses of ganglion. When NGF is blocked with antibodies, there is a loss of sympathetic neurons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intake of materials in the axon and transport of them to the cell body, if a neurotrophin it can activate genes to promtoe survival of neuron. There is evidence that NGF does that with the TrkA receptor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tumor Necrosis factor Receptors that promote neuronal death... Transmembrane, death domain internal for signaling. Family includes the p75 Receptors. |
|
|
Term
| Steroid Hormone Control of Cell Survival |
|
Definition
| Hormones are lipid-soluble so the receptors are internanal. Once diffuse inside cell, hormones can bind to receptors and control gene expression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Controled by testosterone which can promote the survival of certain muscles perineal muscles. Females these muscles/nuclei absent however they will survive if treated with testosterone.
Castrated males treated with Flutamide (androgen antagonist) nuclei and muscles die. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bcl-x proteins prevent the release of cytochrome from mitochondria and inactivate apoptosis protease activating factor. (anti-apoptotic)
Bax is pro-apoptotic
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins inactivate caspases (anti-apoptotic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vessicles pinched off of cell body that contain cell proteins. They will be phagocytosed and are indicator of apoptosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteases that mediate cell death |
|
|
