Term
|
Definition
| The transition between childhood and adulthood. Begins with puberty and involves accepting one's full-grown body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an eating disorder in which young people starve themselves because of a compulsive fear of getting fat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conception of an attitude toward one's physical appearance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an eating disorder in which individuals (mainly females) engage in strict dieting and excessive exercise accompanied by binge eating, often followed by deliberate vomiting and purging with laxatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Piaget's final stage, in which adolescents develop the capacity for abstract, systematic, scientific thinking. 11 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rapid gain in height and weight during adolescence. |
|
|
Term
| Hypothetico-deductive reasoning |
|
Definition
| a formal operational problem-solving strategy in which adolescents start with a hypotheses or prediction about variables that might possible affect an outcome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adolescents' belief that they are the focus of everyone else's attention and concern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adolescents' belief that they are special and unique. Leads them to conclude that others cannot possibly understand their thoughts and feelings and may promote a sense of invulnerability to danger |
|
|
Term
| Primary sexual characteristics |
|
Definition
| Physical features that involve the reproductive organs directly (Penis, Vagina, the biggies) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of formal operation reasoning in which adolescents evaluate the logic of verbal statements without referring to real-world circumstances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biological changes at adolescence that lead to an adult-sized body and sexual maturity |
|
|
Term
| Secondary sexual characteristics |
|
Definition
| features visible on the outside of the body that serves as signs of sexual maturity but do not involve the reproductive organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a change in body size, pubertal timing or other aspect of development from one generation to the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| piaget's second stage of moral development in which children view rules as flexible, socially agreed on principles that can be revised when necessary. starts age 10 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at adolescence a sense of oneself as a separate, self-governing individual. involves relying more on oneself and less on parents for direction and guidance and engaging in careful, well reasoned decision making |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the identity constructed by adolescents who explore and adopt values from both their subculture and the dominant culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of about five to seven members who are good friends and therefore resemble one another in family backgrounds attitudes and values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kohlberg's second level of moral development in which moral understanding is based on conforming to social rules to ensure positive human relationships and societal order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a large loosely organized group consisting of several cliques with similar normative characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of ethnic group membership and attitudes and feelings associated with that membership. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased gender stereotyping of attitudes and behavior. occurs in early adolescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Piaget's first stage of moral development in which children view moral rules as permanent features of the external world that are handed down by authorities and cannot be changed. 5-10 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a well-organized conception of the self made up of values beliefs and goals to which the individual is solidly committed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the identity status of individuals who have explored and committed themselves to self-chosen values and goals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the identity status of individuals who lack both exploration and commitment to self-chosen values and goals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the identity status of individuals who lack exploration and instead are committed to ready made values and goals that authority figures have chosen for them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the identity status of individuals who are exploring but are not yet committed to self-cosen values and goals |
|
|
Term
| Identity versus role confusion |
|
Definition
| In Erikson's theory the psychological conflict of adolescence which is resolved positively when adolescents attain an identity after a period of exploration and inner soul searching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the degree to which morality is central to self-concept |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kohliberg's highest level of moral development in which individuals define morality in therms of abstract principles and values that apply to all situation and societies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kohlberg's first level of moral development in moral understanding is based on rewards, punishments, and the power of authority figures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of energy the body uses at complete rest |
|
|
Term
| Biological ageing or senescence |
|
Definition
| genetically influenced age related declines in the functioning of organs and systems that are universal in all members of our species |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive-affective complexity |
|
Definition
| a form of thinking that increases steadily from adolescence through early adulthood, peaking in middle age, that involves awareness of positive and negative feelings and coordination of them into a complex organized structure. Involves skillfull integration of cognition with emotion |
|
|
Term
| Commitment within relativistic thinking |
|
Definition
| In Perry's theory the cognitive approach of the most mature adults who resist choosing between opposing views and instead try to formulate a more satisfying perspective that synthesizes contradictions |
|
|
Term
| Cross-linkage theory of aging |
|
Definition
| a theory of biological aging asserting that the formation of bonds, or links between normally separate protein fibers causes the body's connective tissue to become less elastic over time, leading to many negative physical consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Perry's theory the cognitive approach of younger college students who search for absolute truth and therefore divide information values and authority into right and wrong good and bd we and they. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a new transitional phase of development extending from the late teens to the mid-twenties during which most people have left adolescence but have not yet assumed adult responsibilities. Rather they explore alternative more intensely than they did as teenagers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of cognition that typically develops in early adulthood that involves reflecting on how we arrived at facts, beliefs and ideas and when necessary revising one's approach in favor of a more balanced adequate route to knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acquisition of extensive knowledge in a field or endeavor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period of vocational development in which young children gain insight into career options by fantasizing about them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| naturally occurring highly reactive chemicals that form in the presence of oxygen and destroy cellular material including DNA Proteins and fats essential for cell functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cognitive development beyond Piaget's formal operational stage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Labovie-Vief's theory adult thought in which logic becomes a tool to solve real world problems and inconsistencies and imperfections are accepted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an array of physical and psychological symptoms that usually appear 6 to 10 days prior to menstruation. the most common are abdominal cramps, fluid retention diarrhea, tender breasts, backache, headache, fatigue, tension, irritability, and depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Perry's theory the cognitive approach of older college students, who favor multiple truths each relative to its context of evaluation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period of vocational development in which adolescents think about careers in more complex ways as first in terms of their interests and as they become more aware of personal and educational requirement of different vocation in terms of their abilities and values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the lifestyle of unmarried couples who have an intimate sexual relationship and share a residence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Love based on warm trust affection and care-giving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a family form in which both husband and wife are employed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of marriage in which husband and wife share power and authority. both try to balance the time and energy they devote to there occupations, their children and their relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sequence of phases that characterizes the development of most families around the world. In eary adulthood, peole typically live on theri own, marry and bear and rear children. During middle age their parenting responsiblites diminish, Late adulthood brings retirement, growing old. |
|
|
Term
| Intimacy versus isolation |
|
Definition
| In Erikson's theory, the psychological conflict of early adulthood, which is resolved positively when young adults give up some of their new found independence and make a permanent commitment to an intimate partner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Levinson's theory, the underlying pattern or design of a person's life at a given time. Consists of relationships with significant others (the most important of which have to do with marriage/family and occupation) that are reorganized during each period of adult development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Feelings of unhappiness that result from a gap between actual and desired social relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Love based on intense sexual attraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| age-graded expectations for life events, such as beginning a first job, getting married, birth of the first child, buying a home, and retiring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of marriage involving clear division of husband's and wife's roles. the main is the head of household and economic provider, the woman devoted herself to caring for her husband and children and creating a nurturant comfortable home |
|
|
Term
| Triangular theory of love |
|
Definition
| sternberg's view of love as having three components-intimacy, passion and commitment-that shift in emphasis as romantic relationships develop |
|
|
Term
| “big five” personality traits |
|
Definition
| five basic factors into which hundreds of personality traits have been organized: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in which long term job stress leads to mental exhaustion, a sense of loss of personal control, and feelings of reduced accomplishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a trend in which women who support themselves or their families have become the majority of the adult population living in poverty, regardless of age and ethinic group |
|
|
Term
| Generativity versus stagnation |
|
Definition
| In Erikson's theory, the psychological conflict of midlife, which is resolved positively if the adult can integrate personal goals with the welfare of the larger social environment. the resulting strength is the capacity to give to and guide the net generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| invisible barrier faced by women and ethnic minorities to advancement up the corporate ladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| role assumed b members of the middle generation especially mothers who take responsibilities for gathering the family for celebrations and making sure everyone stays in touch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inner turmoil self-doubt and major restructuring of the personality during the transition to middle adulthood. characterizes the experiences of a minority of adults |
|
|
Term
| Parental imperative theory |
|
Definition
| a theory that claims that traditional gender roles are maintained during the active parenting years to help ensure the survival of children. After children reach adulthood, parents are free to express the other gender side of their personalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| future oriented representations of what one hopes to become and is afraid of becoming, the temporal dimension of self-concept |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| today's middle-aged adults, who are "sandwiched," or squeezed between the needs of ill or frail parents and financially dependent children |
|
|
Term
| Skipped-generation family |
|
Definition
| a family structure in which children live with grandparents but apart from parents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a social theory of age that states that social barriers to engagement not the desires of elders, cause declining rates of social interaction in late adulthood. when older people lose certain roles, they try to find others in an effort to stay about as active and busy as they were in middle age, so as to preserve life satisfaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to maximize positive emotion and dampen negative emotion. An emotional strength of late adulthood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| housing for the elderly that provides a variety of support services, including meas in a common dining room, along with watchful oversight of elders with physical and mental disabilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a social theory of aging that states that in their choice of everyday activities and social relationships, older adults strive to maintain a personal system-an identity and a set of personality dispositions interests roles and skills-that ensures consistency between their past and anticipated future and thus promotes life satisfaction |
|
|
Term
| Dependency-support script |
|
Definition
| a typical pattern of interaction in which elders dependency behaviors are attended to immediately thereby reinforcing those behaviors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a social theory of aging that states that the decline in social interaction in late adulthood is due to mutual withdrawal between elders and society in anticipation of death |
|
|
Term
| Ego integrity versus despair |
|
Definition
| In Erikson's theory, the psychological conflict of late adulthood, which is resolved positively when elders feel whole, complete and satisfied with their achievements, having accepted their life course as something that had to be the way it was |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| according to Joan Erikson, a psychosocial stage beyond ego integrity, which characterizes the very old, that involves a cosmic and transcendent perspective directed forward ad outward beyond the self. evident in heightened inner calm and contentment |
|
|
Term
| Independence-ignore script |
|
Definition
| a typical pattern of interaction in which elders' independent behaviors are mostly ignored, thereby leading them to occur less often |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| housing for the elderly that offers a range of alternatives, from independent, or congregate housing to full nursing home care. For a large initial payment and additional monthly fees, guarantees that elders' needs will be met in one place as they age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of calling up, reflecting on, and reconsidering past experiences, contemplating their meaning with the goal of achieving greater self-understanding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of telling stories about people and events from the past and reporting associated thoughts and feelings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people who are not intimates but with whom the individual spends time occasionally, such as a group that meets for lunch, bridge or museum tours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a model of age-related changes in social networks, which views the individual within a cluster of relationships moving through life. Close ties are in the inner circle, less close ties on the outside. With age, people change places in the convoy, new ties are added, and some are lost entirely |
|
|
Term
| Socioemotional selectivity |
|
Definition
| a social theory of aging that states that the decline in social interaction in late adulthood is due to physical and psychological changes, which lead elders to emphasice the emotion regulating function of interaction. Consequently they prefer familiar partners with whom the have developed pleasurable relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aging in which gains are maximized and losses minimized |
|
|
