Term
| dates of classical foundations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How large were the Greek city-states and how were they distributed; to what degree was the environment an influence on their size and distribution? |
|
Definition
most were relatively small places, located on small plains tucked between the mountains and the sea, and were built on defensible sites. Almost all the city-states were small with around 12-20,000 people, Athens was the biggest with 200,000 people, usually located on small plains tucked between the mountains and the sea, economies relied on agricultural, Used the environment to their advantage for defense. |
|
|
Term
| What were the major “replicable” features of the built environment of Greek city-states? |
|
Definition
acropolis agora residential quarters walls stadia theatres Most Greek cities were built on defensible sites and walled, many dominated by an acropolis (defensive site) beneath which the city developed, an agora: an open space that served as a combination market, public forum, and casual meeting place for people accustomed to carrying out their daily business and social activities outdoors, residential quarters: cramped, tangled, simple houses, walls built around the outside of the building area that served as the first line of defense, stadia and theatres for public entertainment and exercise |
|
|
Term
| How can we distinguish Roman urbanization from that of the Greeks – i.e., how did Roman cities differ functionally; differ in terms of built environment (e.g., architectural forms, building materials, layout, public spaces, entertainment)? |
|
Definition
roman cities and their territoria were the building blocks of the empire, functioned as centers of adminsitration and consumption, with the purpose of linking diverse and subservient populations administratively to the center of power. Roman cities differed in the great size and splendor of their public buildings. their public buildings and spaces were increasingly constructed to glorify and legitimize not only the state but roman empereors themselves, with extensive use of geometric froms and the imposition of some degree of regularity on the overall layout of urban places Romans learned from the Greeks but used their cities in a different way, Greeks had smaller, independent self governing settlements, territories with urban core, used trade. Romans had larger cities, connected cities to fall under one empire, dependent, could be involved in trade, main purpose of city was to link diverse and subservient populations administratively to the center of power |
|
|
Term
| What were the unique site and situation characteristics of the city of Rome? How did the Roman Forum differ from the Greek agora? |
|
Definition
| Tiber River 7 hills of rome primitive hilltop settlements |
|
|
Term
| How large a city did Rome become in classical times? |
|
Definition
| 1 million, by far the largest city in the empire |
|
|
Term
| Classical foundations: When and under what circumstances did classical urbanization begin in Greece? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| city-states, bound a local area to an urbanized central place and claimed sovereign status based on the democratic participation of citizens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fortified height of land beneath which a city developed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an open space near the center of a city that served as a combination market, public forum, and casual meeting place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long open-fronted buildings around the agora, framed by colonnades and used for conducting business of various kinds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the Greek colonial movement |
|
Definition
| in response to growing population pressures, city-states sent out colonist who carried their urban culture and institutions beyond greek homelands (734-585 BC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a city's focal or central space |
|
|
Term
| monumental architecture in Rome |
|
Definition
| successive emperors went to great lengths to outdo predecessors, forever adding new fora, triumphant arches, and victory columns to the center of the imperial capital, even stooping at times to the practice of stripping the monuments of their predecessors of the building materials, sculptures, and medallions needed to complete their own projects, finding new space in the center of the city for the construction of new buildings and monuments soon became a major problem. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the flavian amphitheatre, hossted the city's gladitorial cntests and other bloodthirsty spectacles |
|
|
Term
Roman residential quarters:
insulae (Roman apartment dwellings)
and villas (elite dwellings); |
|
Definition
insulae (roman apartment buildings) - multi story shoddily constructed apt. blocks
villas (elite dwellings) - atrium style spacious villas for the elite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aqueducts, roads, bridges; defenses and the URBAN importance of the Roman Frontier |
|
|
Term
aqueducts-
roads,-
bridges- |
|
Definition
aquaducts- brought water to the city from up to 10 km away
roads-linked cities together, engineered together by the transportation system, gravel foundation that was paved, many are still around today
roads- cities were arranged according to the gridiron plan that featured two intersecting main streets
bridges- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these erected walls transformed towns into fortified administrative centers, a process that began to distinguish them from their surroundings and helped to bring about a separation of eh city and countryside that would characterize the middle ages. |
|
|
