Term
| Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage 1 |
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Definition
| birth-1 month: new born reflexes |
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Term
| Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage 2 |
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Definition
| 1-4months: First acquired adaptions, centered around own body |
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Term
| Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage 3 |
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Definition
| 4-8 months: making interesting sights last |
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Term
| Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage 4 |
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Definition
| 8-12 months: new adaptions and anticipation, object permanence, goal directed behavior |
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Term
| Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage 5 |
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Definition
| 12-18 months: new means through active experimentation (trial and error) |
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Term
| Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage 6 |
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Definition
| 18 months-2 years: mental representations, imitation |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological structures that organize ones experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| repeat events that happen by chance (kicking a toy that makes noise) |
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Term
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Definition
| 6 weeks: facial imitation, 6-9 weeks: copy actions w. objects, 12-14 months: imitate rationally, 18 months: imitate intended actions |
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Term
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Definition
| early as 3 months babies can detect object permanence, not by searching but by viewing |
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Term
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Definition
| sights and sounds represented directly and stored briefly |
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Term
| Working (Short Term) Memory |
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Definition
| a limited amount of info worked on to facilitate memory and problem solving |
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Term
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Definition
| permanent knowledge base with unlimited capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| greater efficient, better sustained attention after first year |
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Term
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Definition
| retention intervals lengthen, recall appears by 1 year, excellent recall in 2nd year |
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Term
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Definition
| coordinates incoming info with info in system, controls attention |
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Term
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Definition
| cannot remember events before 3. maturation of frontal loves, linked to verbal abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| examined memory in 2-6 month old infants moving a mobile by kicking leg. 6 month olds remembered best. |
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Term
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Definition
| infantile amnesia in 2-4 year olds using magic shrinking machine. recall worked in 3-4 year old |
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Term
| Behaviorism Language Development |
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Definition
| children are taught, parents teach, repetition |
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Term
| Nativism Language Development |
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Definition
| children teach themselves, pre-wired |
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Term
| Interactionist Perspective |
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Definition
| language emerges from interactions between innate abilities and environmental influences |
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Term
| Universal Sequence of Language |
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Definition
| Cooing, Babbling, First words, naming explosion, first two-word sentences, multiword sentences |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| consonant-vowel combination, 4-6 months |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 18 months, 5-100 words a month |
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Term
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Definition
| 21 months (telegraphic speech) |
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Term
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Definition
| high pitched, exaggerated expression. repetition, short sentences, simplification |
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Term
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Definition
| interactive by getting babies attention to something |
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Term
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Definition
| first year, responsiveness |
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Term
| autonomy vs. shame & doubt |
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Definition
| 2nd year, suitable guidance, reasonable choices |
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Term
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Definition
| social smile (6-8 weeks), laughter (3-4 months) |
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Term
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Definition
| distress (from birth), anger (4-8 months) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd half of first year, stranger anxiety (8-12 months) |
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Term
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Definition
| shame, embarrassment, guilt, envy, pride. 2nd year |
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Term
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Definition
| relying on another person's emotional reaction to appraise an uncertain situation |
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Term
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Definition
| reactivity (arousal, attention & motor activity) and self regulation. Easy (40%), Difficult (10%), Slow-to-warm-up (15%), Unclassified (35%) |
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Term
| Ramchandani impact of paternal depression |
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Definition
| effects shown at 3.5 years old, boys more affected by father |
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Term
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Definition
| long term predictions best after age 2. |
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Term
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Definition
| objective evaluation of childhood experiences, clear memories and coherent discourse |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of memories and stereotyped descriptions |
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Term
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Definition
| conflicted and confused discourse, involved anger |
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Term
| Ethological Theory of Attachment |
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Definition
| pre-attachment (birth-6 weeks), attachment in the making (6 weeks-6-8 months), Clear cut attachment (6-8 months-2 years), Reciprocal Relationship (18-24 months-beyond) |
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Term
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Definition
| set of expectations formed early in life about the availability of attachment figures |
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Term
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Definition
| explores toys, doesn't cry, avoids or ignores caregiver |
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Term
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Definition
| little or no exploration, cries when leaves, remains upset. Dependence, Agression |
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Term
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Definition
| Bizarre, inconsistent behavior, abused or neglected |
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Term
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Definition
| child's insistence that a particular experience occur in an exact sequence and matter |
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Term
| typical 6 year old weight and height |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| balance improves, run, hop, ect. |
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Term
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Definition
| self help, dressing, eating, drawing |
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Term
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Definition
| scribbles (2), forms (3), realistic (5 or 6) |
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Term
| Piaget's Preoperational Stage |
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Definition
| gains in mental representation, limitations in thinking (egocentric, lack of conservation) |
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Term
| benefits of make believe play |
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Definition
| representational schemes, social skills & cooperation, gains in language and self control, attention, memory, logical reasoning, imagination and creativity |
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Term
| Critique of Piaget Preoperational |
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Definition
| focused too much on limitations, verbal abilities, unfamiliar elements and ambiguous questions. develop GRADUALLY |
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Term
| Vgotsky's Sociocultural Theory |
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Definition
| apprentice in thinking. cognition is directed by more knowledgeable members of society |
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Term
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Definition
| children learn from others who guide their experience |
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Term
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Definition
| sensitive structuring of the learning experience |
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Term
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Definition
| internal dialogue that helps develop new ideas and solve problems |
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Term
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Definition
| speedy and imprecise way in which children learn new words by mentally charting them to categories |
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Term
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Definition
| by age 3, know grammar except time, place and comparasion words |
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Term
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Definition
| focus on one aspect while neglecting others |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to mentally reverse a series of steps |
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Term
| Hierarchical Classification |
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Definition
| organization of objects into classes and subclasses based on similarities and differences |
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Term
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Definition
| person's theory of what other people might be thinking. awareness of mental life (infancy-3 months) mastery of false beliefs (4) |
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Term
| Theory of Mind is influenced by |
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Definition
| brain maturation, language ability, siblings, culture |
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Term
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Definition
| new sense of purposefulness as the child takes on new tasks (3-5 high self esteem) |
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Term
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Definition
| 20% higher than ideal weight, BMI greater than 95% |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to focus on several aspects of a problem at once |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to go through a series of steps and mentally reverse it |
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Term
| Concrete Operational Stage |
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Definition
| 7-11 years old. more logical, flexible and organized thought, limited to direct experiences and perceptions. NOT ABSTRACT. |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to order items along a quantitative dimension |
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Term
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Definition
| school age children have a more accurate understanding than preschoolers |
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Term
| Limitations of Concrete Operational Thought |
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Definition
| concrete info only, tasks mastered step by step (continuum of acquisition) |
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Term
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Definition
| mental representations of familiar large scale spaces |
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Term
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Definition
| "more collies than dogs?" |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to seriate mentally |
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Term
| Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale |
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Definition
| knowledge, quantitative reasoning, working memory, visual-spacial processing, basic info processing |
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Term
| WISC-IV Scale for Children |
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Definition
| verbal reasoning, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed |
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Term
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Definition
| develops with brain maturation & experience |
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Term
| Self Conscious emotions and empathy during... |
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Definition
| between 2 and 6. 3 and 4 can handle and cope. |
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Term
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Definition
| executive part of brain, 3-4 years old develops |
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Term
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Definition
| true understanding of feelings and concerns of another (NOT SYMPATHY) |
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Term
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Definition
| helpful, kind. empathy results in it |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonsocial, Parallel (similar toys, not together), Associative (interact & share but not mutual), Cooperative (together common goal) |
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Term
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Definition
| instrumental (something you want) Hostile (hurt someone) |
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Term
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Definition
| gender identity is biological (gender constancy- Cog Dev) and learned (Soc Learning) |
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Term
| Gender Stereotyped Beliefs |
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Definition
| label themselves (2), rigid (3-4), same sex playmates (3), segregation (6) |
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