To develop the logical foundatin of engineering ethics.

To build an awareness for ethical problems and reasoning.

Professional Regulations

Contract Law

Self regulation: code of ethics

specific laws, regulations and ordinances

Tort law or non contract law

Manufacturing Defects

Design Defects

Warning Defects

Negligence

Strict Liability

Misrepresentation

Privity

To use your knowledge and skill to enhance the human welfare.

To be honest and impartial and to serve with fidelity the public, your employer and your clients.

Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession.

Simple Interest

payroll costs other than wages or salary based on actual work;

payed vacation, savings and pensions.

1.      Why was the development of moveable type so important to the development of technology?

Book business boomed, people learned to read and helped rid the country of slavery. Application of experiment science invented.

What was Frances Bacon most known for?

The invention of the scientific method.

1.      What was the Lunar Society?  What was its purpose?  List some members. 

Society of intellectual individuals, writers, scientists and industrialists. Meant to shape a decent life for everyone. Boulton, Darwin and Wedgewood.

1.      What did Frankenstein’s “monster” have to do with industrial revolution?  What was Mary Shelley’s message?

Frankenstein also reflects the industrial revolution’s effect on Europe, primarily the working class’s appeals for suffrage and other rights. The industrial revolution spawned the creation of large factories with wealthy owners and a poor working class.

It was also a warning against the expansion of modern man in the Industrial Revolution from Shelley. 

Automobile- Airplane- Computer- Electronics- Electrification- Highways- Household Appliances- Internet- Imaging- Telephone- Radio and Television- Spacecraft

1.      What did Joseph Jacquard, Charles Babbage, and Ada Byron have common?  What was each known for?

Joseph Jacquard- earliest programmable loom, important role in development of other programmable machines such as computers.

Charles Babbage- Originated the concept of a programmable computer.

Ada Byron- First algorithm intended to be processed by a machine.

 List ten of the fourteen great challenges for engineering in the 21^st century according to the NAE.

Advance Health Informatics- Advance personalized learning- Develop carbon sequestration methods- Enhance virtual reality- Engineer better medicine- Make solar energy economical- Manage the nitrogen cycle- Prevent nuclear terror- Provide access to clean water- Secure Cyberspace.

Old was a learn on your own type of system based on dedication and persistence. New school helped teach the students learn a process that would give you the correct results.

Distinguish between “variant” and “creative” design.

Variant- development of new designs based primarily on existing designs.

Creative- developing and designing completely new things.

It happens mostly because the person who spends a lot of time in that field of study tends to only look at variations of solutions that have always worked in the past. Whereas somebody with a clean sheet will look at the problem from a whole new perspective.

Designers tend to recommend solutions that pertain to their field of study. Designs situation vary because problems are dissimilar and because designers habitually adopt different approaches.

Because it is not a mythical ability given only to certain people but it is a skill which is learned and practiced much like a sport.

What is the normal accuracy in inches of

machinist scale?

vernier caliper?

micrometer?

machinist scale- .01

vernier caliper- .001

micrometer- .0001

·         The part that is on the frame opposite of the spindle that the part being measured is held up against.

·         The part that is twisted or turned toward the anvil to take the actual measurement.

·         C-shaped body that holds the anvil and barrel in constant relation to each other.

·         Fixed part of the micrometer underneath the spindle that has the measurements on it.

Engine Lathe- Drilling, boring, taping and threading objects.

Vertical Mill- gear cutting, drilling and slotting,

·         Tools made of carbide that last longer and have to be sharpened less.

·         in the head stock, spins the work piece

·         holds the tools for drilling, boring and tapping. Opposite of headstock.

·         a device that rides on the ways and provides support for long/unstable work pieces

·         attached to carriage and holds the tool

At one time grinders in the shop were used frequently, but their use has been significantly reduced over time.  

Carbide tools last much longer than steel tools meaning they need to be grinded less.

·         cuts holes by moving axially; cylindrical, fluted steel or carbide shaft with conic cutting head on end

·         cuts slots and along surfaces by moving perpendicular to its axis; cylindrical, fluted steel or carbide shaft with flat cutting head on end

·         cuts external threads; donut-like with discontinuous threat cutters on the inside of annulus

Three-jaw chuck-  three self-centering jaws, for holding cylindrical work pieces

Four-jaw chuck  - four independent jaws, for holding work pieces off-center and for holding non-cylindrical work pieces

Six-jaw chuck – six self-centering jaws (like the three-jaw chuck), but provides better holding capability than the three-jaw chuck, especially useful for holding thin-walled tubing

A tight fitting sleeve that fits over the base on the workpiece or tool that when placed in a chuck provides a more secure grip which particularly useful for pieces with a “short base” or where high precision in required.

What is a keyway?  How is it used in a mechanical drive system?

A key way is an axially groove on the outside of an inner shaft and/or an axially groove on the inside of a sleeve that fits around an inner shaft. 

 The purpose of the key/keyway system is to fail when/if the shaft is over-torqued, thus preserving the shaft, analogous to a fuse in an electrical circuit.

Electronic Discharge Machining; “burns” away material by electrical discharge; provides accurate “cuts” on internal surfaces which are difficult or impossible to reach by conventional machining.

·         preheated metal is pressed, pounded or squeezed into high strength parts.

·         performed using a multiple- tooth cutting tool by moving the tool linearly relative to the work in the direction of the tool axis. (hack saw)

·         where a cross section of a bar is reduced by pushing it through a smaller opening.

·         Thick walled ring of small diameter that is rolled into a thin walled ring of large diameter.

What is blanking?  

Cutting sheet metal along a closed outline in a single step to separate the piece from the surrounding stock. Part cut out is the desired product. Called a blank.

What is punching?

Similar to blanking except the piece cut out is scrap, called a slug. Remaining stock is desired part.

State three of the four advantages (listed in the notes) of the extrusion process.

A variety of shapes are possible

Grain structure and strength properties are enhanced.

Fairly close tolerances are possible, especially in cold extrusion.

There can be little or no wasted material.

What types of applications are best suited for the 

Vertical band saw?

Horizontal band saw?

·         Vertical band saw- smaller, precise and even rounded cuts.

·         Horizontal band saw- cutting long cumbersome materials.

Name the three ways to classify forgings             

Working temperature- Whether impact or pressure is used- Degree of constraint used to shape metal.

One way that forgings are classified is by the degree to which the flow of the work metal is constrained by the dies.  Explain the three different types of forgings associated with this classification.

Opendieforging- compression between two flat dies so material flows outward with no constraint.

Impressiondieforging- die surface contains the shape of the impression that is imparted to the metal.

Flashlessforging- work is completely constrained within the die.

Name the three intermediate shapes into which ingots are rolled.

Bloom (thick square rod), Slab (thick flat piece), Billet (thin square rod)

Rollover- depression caused before cutting begins

Burnish- the first penetration of the punch into work

Fractured zone- area where material fractures

Burr- sharp corner caused by elongation of metal when pieces are separated.

What is the operation that was uniquely suited for the broach?  How is this operation currently performed?

creating internal square cuts. Starting with one cut inward (external broaching) or having a hole and installing the blade within it(internal broaching).

1.      What does it mean that a designer has to be imaginative, realistic and optimistic? Give examples from the notes.

Imaginative- observe and ask what if? Try and picture the process and end product.

Realistic- Do not set yourself up for failure. Strive for stars but make sure what your looking for is even possible.

Optimistic- Always think that you can enhance your design or project.

1.      What was the lesson learned from the commercial failure of the “Great Eastern”?

The Great Eastern the largest steamship of its time (1857) was to dominate the transatlantic trade – so what happened?  Boundary layer theory and scaling laws for drag were not understood.  It could travel at only 30% of its design forward speed.

1.      List the 12 steps in “A Design Process” as described in the Design III lecture material

1.     Recognition of a NEED

2.     Problem IDENTIFICATION and SPECIFICATION

3.     INFORMATION gathering

4.     INCUBATION and IDEATION

5.     Development of CONCEPTS (generation of alternatives)

6.     SYNTHESIS                   

7.     ANALYSIS

8.     PROTOTYPING and TESTING

9.     MANUFACTURING

10.   MARKETING

11.   MAINTENANCE

12.   AFTERLIFE

     What does it mean to say the design process in not linear?

During the process new information is continually being generated which is used to reexamine previous findings. Everyone has his/her own “Design Process”.

     What is life-cycle design?

Consider issues from conception to disposal including economic viability, recyclability, safety and disposal.

A formula or compilation of information used in ones business which allows an advantage over competitors. Adv- No time limit, remains a secret amongst owners DisAdv- may be legally reverse engineered.

government grant of a right to exclude other from making, using or selling and invention for a limited period of time. 

List the three requirements for patentability.

Usefulness, Novelty and Nonobvious. 

protects any distinct and new variety of plant that is invented or discovered and asexually produced.

protects the functionality of any new process, machine or compositions of matters or a new useful improvement theory. 

What are the X-patents?

The first 10,280 patents issued between 1790 and 1836.

They recognized the importance of technology and industrialization in the young country at the time.

Approximately how many US patents have been issued?  Approximately how many US patents are currently issued a year?

8.32 million total, 166 thousand per year.

When was the first US patent issued? When was the last US patent issued?

July 31, 1790. Every Tuesday.

Dimensional standards

Performacne or quality standards

Test standards

Standard technical terms and symbols

Standard codes of practice

Standards are suggested practice. Codes are legal requirements. A “standard” is a set of technical definitions and/or guidelines (“how to” instructions for designers and manufacturers).

What are the five purposes of standards?

1)         to establish a common dimension base,

2)         to set out current engineering practice in common design situations,

3)         to increase the effectiveness of the designer,

4)         to reduce the cost of manufacture, and

5)         to increase consumer safety.

What are the three types of organizations that develop standards?

•           Government agencies, e.g., NIST, formerly NBS

•           Trade organizations, e.g., Houston Home Builders Association

•           Professional societies, e.g., ASME

The American National Standards Institute

assists participants in their program in reaching agreements on standards, needs, and priorities;

the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

publishes over 4000 individual standards covering the properties of materials, specifying equipment to test the properties and outlining the procedures for testing.  ASTM is the world’s largest source of voluntary consensus standards.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Addresses the issue of industrial standards.

National Institute of Standards and Technology; Develop and promote measurement, standards, and technology, to enhance productivity, facilitate trade, and improve the quality of life.

International Organization for Standardization; Development of technical standards.

What is ISO 14000?

The ISO 14000 family addresses various aspects of environmental management. This means what the organization does to minimize harmful effects on the environments caused by its activities.des and Standards

What is ISO 26000?

Briefly explain the “hydrolevel” case and its significance to ASME.

American Society Of Mechanical Engineers v. Hydrolevel Corp., 456 U.S. 556 (1982), is a United States Supreme Court case where a non-profit association, for the first time, was held liable for treble damages under the Sherman Antitrust Act due to antitrust violations.[1]

In this case, the U.S. Supreme Court held an association liable when its agents appeared to be acting under the authority of the association. This is called, apparent authority. The court determined that a non-profit association is liable when it fails to prevent antitrust violation through the misuse of the association’s reputation by its agents (including lower level staff and unpaid volunteers).