Term
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Definition
| The amount of water vapor present in a unit volume of air. |
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Term
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Definition
Angle from horizon to sun
Ex) at solstice at equator Alt = 90 degrees
<br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Angle of the sun based on the time of day. |
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Term
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Definition
The design of buildings and spaces (interior – exterior – outdoor) based on local
climate, aimed at providing thermal and visual comfort, making use of solar energy and
other environmental sources
Incorporates passive solar systems |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on the temperature and humidity extremes and swings as well as the amount of sun and intensity of winds. |
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Term
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Definition
| A range of temperature and humidity that requires no intervention. |
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Term
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Definition
| Maximize solar gain, reduce heat loss, provide wind protection |
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Term
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Definition
| Minimize East and west exposure, balance solar gain and shading seasonally encourage air movement in summer, protect against wind in winter |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduce solar gain, promote cooling using water and plants, provide shading |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduce solar gain, utilize wind for cooling, provide shade |
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Term
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Definition
| The sum of the number of degrees every day that the average daily temperature outside is greater than a base desired temperature inside ex: If average temperature for the day is 90 degrees F outside and the desired inside temperature is 75 degrees F, that day contributes 15 cooling degrees to the annual total |
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Term
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Definition
If an air sample with a specific relative humidity is cooled even more, the relative
humidity will eventually reach 100%. At that point, the air can no longer hold any more
moisture and the moisture will begin to precipitate if the air is further cooled |
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Term
| Direct Nominal Irradiance |
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Definition
| The amount of solar radiation received per unit area by a surface that is always held perpendicular (or normal) to the rays that come in a straight line from the direction of the sun at its current position in the sky Typically, you can maximize the amount of this annually received by a surface by keeping it normal to incoming radiation |
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Term
| Passive Solar Heating Techniques |
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Definition
A) Direct gain – simply letting the sun in to heat space
B) Trombe wall – trapping the sun with a thick mass
C) Sun space – a separate space that traps the sun’s energy[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| The temperature measured by a common thermometer and does not take into consideration how humidity makes the air feel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Industry (33%), transportation (28%), commercial (18%), residential (28%) |
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Term
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Definition
| The maximum depth of ground below which the soil does not freeze in winter |
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Term
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Definition
| The sum of the number of degrees every day that the average daily temperature outside is less than a base desired temperature inside ex: If average temperature for the day is 65 degrees F outside and the desired inside temperature is 75 degrees F, that day contributes 10 heating degrees to the annual total |
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Term
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Definition
The amount of daylight that strikes a surface
It is a combination of direct, diffuse and reflected light
Measured in Lux |
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Term
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Definition
The amount of sunlight that hits the surface of the earth per day
Measured in watts/square meter/day or BTU/sf/day |
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Term
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Definition
An element that allows daylight to penetrate deep into a building
This horizontal light-reflecting overhang is placed above eye-level and has a highreflectance
upper surface
This surface is then used to reflect daylight onto the ceiling and deeper into a space |
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Term
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Definition
Charting air at different temperatures
</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Instrument for measuring relative humidity
Consists of two thermometers, one of which includes a dry bulb and one of which
includes a bulb that is kept wet to measure wet-bulb temperature |
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Term
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Definition
The amount of water vapor present in
air expressed as a percentage of the
amount needed for saturation at the
same temperature |
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Term
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Definition
A way of improving the natural ventilation of buildings by using convection of air heated by passive solar energy A simple description of this is that of a vertical shaft utilizing solar energy to enhance the natural stack ventilation through a building
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Charts the position of the sun Altitude + Azimuth
over the course of the day and year |
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Term
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Definition
| A mass (often stone, concrete, or brick) used to store heat and reduce temperature fluctuation in a space, by releasing heat slowly over time |
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Term
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Definition
If you were to take the common thermometer used to measure the air temperature
and wrap a small wet cloth around it then spin it in the air, the water in the cloth would
try to evaporate into the surrounding air
As the water evaporate, it takes heat with it, much like sweating. The result is a lowering of the temperature in the thermometer. |
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Term
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Definition
Diagram the amount of time wind blows from a particular direction and the intensity of the wind from that direction
</br>[image] |
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Term
| Actual/Nominal Dimensions |
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Definition
An approximate dimension assigned to a piece of material as a convenience in referring to the piece
1” x 8”: 3/4” x 7 ¼”
2” x 4”: 1 ½” x 3 ½”
3” x 6”: 2 ½” x 5 ½”
4” x 6”: 3 ½” x 5 ½” |
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Term
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Definition
Long studs required that span from foundation to roof Speeds up completion of the outer shell Creates dangers for chimney – fire stops required
</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Closes off the floor platform at the outside face of a building
</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
A straight structural member that acts primarily to resist
nonaxial loads
Very large moment of inertia, taking weight of joists |
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Term
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Definition
| Horizontal beam at the bottom of a framed wall |
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Term
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Definition
a sill for a building frame, composed of a plate resting on the basement wall and a joist or header at the outer edge of the plate, as well as a soleplate for the studs resting either directly on the joists or on the rough flooring. |
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Term
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Definition
The vertical boards that are butted together to form the outside corner of a woodframe
building |
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Term
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Definition
A wood wall-framing member that is shorter than full-length studs because a header or sill interrupts it
</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Lengths of wood, rectangular in cross section, sawed
directly from the log |
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Term
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Definition
Allow for better structural integrity Addresses misalignments in framing by adding more
“I” - Bridges joints in plates tying wall together better
Allows for overlap of joining walls to tie walls together |
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Term
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Definition
Wood – a member that carries other perpendicular framing members, such as a
beam above an opening in a wall or a joist supporting other joists where they are
interrupted by a floor opening
Steel – a beam that spans between girders
Masonry – a brick, or other masonry unit, that is laid across two wythes with its
end exposed in the face of the wall |
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Term
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Definition
A flat steel plate used to connect the members of a truss; a stiffener plate
</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
A shortened stud that carries a header above a
wall opening |
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Term
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Definition
One of a parallel array of light, closely spaced beams
used to support a floor deck (floor joist) or low-slope
roof (ceiling joist) |
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Term
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Definition
| A full-length stud nailed alongside a jack stud |
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Term
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Definition
The classification of lumber in regard to strength and utility in accordance with the
grading rules of an approved lumber-grading agency |
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Term
| Oriented Strand Board (OSB) |
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Definition
A building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions
and bonded together under pressure |
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Term
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Definition
A wooden building frame composed of closely spaced members, nominally 2 inches
thick, in which the wall members do not run past the floor-framing members |
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Term
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Definition
The strip of wood that lies immediately on top of a concrete or masonry foundation in
wood frame construction |
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Term
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Definition
| One of an array of small, closely spaced, parallel wall framing members |
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Term
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Definition
| The horizontal member at the top of the studs in a wall in a light frame building |
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Term
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Definition
A triangulated arrangement of structural members that reduces nonaxial external forces
to a set of axial forces in its members |
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Term
|
Definition
A bolt embedded in concrete for the purpose of fastening a building frame to a concrete
or masonry foundation |
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Term
|
Definition
Depth of footing still governed by frost line 18” minimum if floor framing is wood.
More space = easier MEP installation Space
may be excavated or not
Slab for this not required but often installed for convenience and to stop water/radon
</br>[image] |
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Term
|
Definition
Slab provides basement floor, sites directly on compacted gravel
Drainage tile below slab to sump pit
Utilities (ie plumbing etc.) installed prior to slab |
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Term
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Definition
| Spreads load out across weaker soil below (snowshoe) Provides level base on which to build wall formwork “Key” for poured concrete prevents wall from sliding off |
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Term
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Definition
A compressible material placed between a foundation and a sill to reduce air infiltration between the outdoors and indoors
</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
A concrete surface lying upon, and supported
directly by, the ground beneath |
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Term
|
Definition
A roofing unit composed of heavy organic or
in organic felt saturated with asphalt and faced
with mineral granules |
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Term
|
Definition
Wood cladding boards that taper in cross section
</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
An exterior treatment of vertical boards with battens covering the seams
</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Continuous horizontal layer of brick |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the foundation wall where brick (veneer) will rest |
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Term
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Definition
Roof tiles made of burned clay in various shapes and colors
Strong and durable – withstand harsh climates and time |
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Term
|
Definition
A thin, continuous sheet of metal, plastic, rubber, or
waterproof paper used to prevent the passage of water
through a joint in a wall, roof or chimney |
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Term
|
Definition
Running and stack bond most common
</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Roof tiles made of various slate materials
Fire resistant, economically friendly, long lasting
Expensive, heavy |
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Term
| Standing Seam Metal Roofing |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
A small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly
</br>[image] |
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Term
|
Definition
Thick, rough, uneven shingles that are hand split, split and sawn on one side, or sawn on both sides; u sed as siding
</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
An angled notch cut into a rafter to allow the rafter to seat securely on the top
plate of a wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Closely spaced members used to support the structure of the ceiling (roof) |
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Term
|
Definition
| The exterior detail at the meeting of a wall and a roof overhang |
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Term
|
Definition
The exposed vertical face of an eave
</br>[image] |
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Term
| Gable End Ladder Overhang |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Truss used at the ends of a gable roof
It has vertical members that are spaced to allow convenient attachment of the exterior
wall sheathing |
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Term
|
Definition
Gable roof Gambrel roof Hip roof Mansard roof Shed roof
</br>[image] |
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Term
|
Definition
An obstruction along the eave of a roof, caused by the freezing of water emanating from melting snow on the roof surface above
</br>[image] |
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Term
|
Definition
A short rafter, running the perpendicular to
the other rafters in the roof, which supports
a rake overhang |
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Term
|
Definition
A framing member that runs up and down the
slope of a steep roof |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
In certain climates (generally hot arid climates)
these can be incorporated as a means to
capture and store heat when it is wanted or
absorb heat from a building when it is not wanted.
The principle utilizes the thermal capacity of water and the natural cycle of hot warm
days with cool evenings to regulate heat migration in a building.
Insulation/shutters must be integrated to increase the effectiveness of the system.</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
The undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a stair
or roof overhang |
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Term
|
Definition
A window that pivots on a horizontal axis at the top edge of the sash and projects toward the outdoors
</br>[image] |
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Term
|
Definition
A window that pivots on axis at or near a vertical edge of the sash
</br>[image] |
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Term
|
Definition
| A portion of an interior rising above adjacent rooftops and having windows admitting daylight to the interior |
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Term
|
Definition
A window with two overlapping sashes that slide vertically in tracks
</br>[image] |
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Term
|
Definition
| A window whose sash pivots on an axis along or near the sill and that opens by tilting toward the interior of the building</br>[image] |
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Term
|
Definition
| A window that opens by rotating around its vertical centerline</br>[image] |
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Term
|
Definition
The horizontal bottom portion of a window
or door |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| BTU (British Thermal Unit) |
|
Definition
| This is the energy required to heat one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit This standard unit is used in calculations for determining the amount of heat lost or gained in a building so that the designer can explore alternatives to make up that energy difference to keep the occupants in the comfort zone |
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Term
|
Definition
Permanent loads on a building, including the weight of the building itself and any
permanently attached equipment |
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Term
|
Definition
Nonpermanent loads on a building caused by the weights of people, furnishings,
machines, vehicles, and goods in or on the building |
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Term
| EIFS (Exterior Insulation and Finishing System) |
|
Definition
a type of building exterior wall cladding system that provides exterior walls with an insulated finished surface and waterproofing
in an integrated composite material system |
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Term
| Instance Parameter vs. Type Parameter |
|
Definition
Affect only the family you’ve selected. This is an important distinction (from type
parameters): You can change instance properties only when you have an element
selected, but you can change type properties without selecting anything. |
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Term
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Definition
Says that the radiant intensity or luminous intensity observed from an ideal diffusely reflecting surface or ideal diffuse radiator is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle θ between the observer's line of sight and the surface normal. The amount of energy that strikes a surface declines as that surface is at more of an angle to sun (ie not perpendicular)
</br>[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| The SI unit of illuminance, equal to one lumen per square meter |
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Term
|
Definition
| For a building element that is expected to behave in a structural manner, this describes the efficiency of the particular geometry of an element. It is typically calculated in the same direction as the load applied to it |
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Term
|
Definition
The SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the power
in an electric circuit in which the potential difference is one volt and the current one
ampere |
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