Term
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Definition
| A design approach intended to benefit as many people as possible, including people with special needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A science of measuring the human body that is used to help design and engineer products to be comfortable and safe for people to use. |
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Term
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Definition
| An emerging design approach that draws inspiration from the study of nature’s forms and processes of adaptation to create man-made design solutions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A component of sustainable design initiatives that examines ways to reduce a building’s or interior’s carbon emissions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a material to withstand pushing forces without losing its structural integrity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The practice of recycling a material into a material of lower quality or the reuse of a product that has diminished performance characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| A characteristic of a material’s resistance to impact, such as metal that can be hammered or drawn out without breaking. |
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Term
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Definition
| The total (life cycle) amount of energy required to extract, transport, manufacture, install, use, maintain, and dispose of a material, component, or building assembly. |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree of light reflectivity from the surface of a material. |
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Term
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Definition
| The investigation of the interaction between built form and the actions the human body makes in order to perform a task. |
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Term
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Definition
| The mind’s organizing capability in response to visual recognition of form. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the inversely proportional distances between people as they communicate in and through space. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a material to resist being pulled or stretched before it loses its structural integrity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A design approach that attempts to accommodate all people, not just people with disabilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| A practice that aims to reduce the consumption of natural resources by the creative reuse of materials and components in their existing form in new ways. |
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Term
| Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) |
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Definition
| Natural or synthetic, carbon based, chemical substances that enter the atmosphere as a result of evaporation from drying thinners, paints, caulks, adhesives, and solvents. |
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Term
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Definition
| A design approach aimed at directing people through space through the use of color, light, surface, signage, form, and material. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to level existing concrete or wood floors prior to the application of new floor coverings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gypsum and cementitious screeds are poured over existing concrete or wood floors to create a smooth flat surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevents gypsum cement from adhering to the mold the floor is cast from or to the adjacent wall assembly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evaluates the compatibility of adhesives to the concrete subfloor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcium Chloride Test, determines the moisture content of the concrete subfloor by measuring its vapor emission rate. The acceptable amount is 3 pounds per 1000 square feet. |
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Term
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Definition
| The practice of safely removing flooring materials containing asbestos (a carcinogenic silicate material determined to cause a form of lung cancer called mesothelioma when its airborne fibers are inhaled). |
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Term
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Definition
| An offset pattern of squares or rectangular modules derived from precision squared masonry. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to all flooring that registers below 10 /11 ohms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to flooring that minimizes the charge generated by contact with other materials but is not necessarily dissipative or electrostatic conductive. |
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Term
| Coefficient of Deflection |
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Definition
| A formula used to determine the number of inches a material assembly will deflect based on the extension of its span. |
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Term
| Electrostatic Discharge Flooring (ESD) |
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Definition
| A total flooring assembly that meets the required performance characteristics designed to prevent electric shock from harming humans and sensitive electrical equipment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A constant, dominant design feature or repetition of a feature that links together or serves as a reference for other elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| The combined weight of all permanent and stationary construction, fabrications, and equipment in a building, including the building itself. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spacial phenomenon, succesion of spaces linked by a visual datum |
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Term
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Definition
| Wood and metal strips or other hardware supports attached to the substructure of a wall creating a prepared sub-surface to which finished materials are attached. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of wall construction that consists of a metal cage containing rocks that are approximately 5-6 inches in width. |
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Term
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Definition
| Walls that carry some of the weight (load) of the building’s structure above. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reveals dominant and subordinate roles, communication, active and passive engagement, formal and informal interaction |
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Term
| Materials organized by cellular structure |
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Definition
| Ceramics, composites, metals, plymers, organics |
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Term
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Definition
Bamboo is sustainable due to its renewability—ready to harvest after 3 years vs. wood at 25 years
a. Bamboo is a grass, not wood
b. Bamboo grows approx. 24 inches in 24 hours
c. 25 % harder than Northern Red Oak and more dimensionally stable.
d. Comes in strips and planks with tongue and groove edges and installed the same as solid wood flooring.
e. Each plank is laminated with glues that usually contain formaldehyde
f. Must be shipped a great distance to reach Midwest—mainly produced in China |
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Term
| Rapidly renewable resources |
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Definition
a. Bamboo flooring
b. Bamboo core plywood
c. Cork flooring
d. Most wool carpets
e. Straw bail and straw board
f. Wheat board
g. Cotton batt insulation
h. Linoleum flooring |
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Term
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Definition
| ratio of the sound-absorbing effectiveness of 1 square foot (0.09 m2) of a particular material relative to 1 square foot (0.09 m2) of a 100% absorptive material at a specific frequency; expressed as a decimal value it as a percentage |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate of transfer of heat energy through a material or substance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An index of a material's stiffness, based on the measurable characteristic of the deformation of a material caused by low stress, which is completely recoverable after the load is removed |
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Term
| What causes swelling and shrinkage movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes expansion and contraction movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thermal Transmittance (U-value) |
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Definition
| A measure of the rate of non-solar heat loss or gain through a material or assembly. U-values gage how well a material allows heat to pass through. U-value ratings fall between .20 and 1.20; the lower, the greater a material's resistance to heat flow and better its insulating value |
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Term
| Sound Transmission Class (STC) |
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Definition
| A value that quantifies the reduction of sound, articulated in increments of 5. The higher the STC rating is, the better the sound reduction capability of the wall, partition, or ceiling assembly |
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Term
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Definition
| The fraction of incident light at a specified wavelength that passes through a material |
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Term
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Definition
| The fraction of the total radiant flux incident upon a surface that is reflected and that varies according to the wavelength distribution of the incident radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| The quality and ease of a material's response and ability to beings cut, drilled, sanded, planed, folded, or shaped |
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Term
25. Which of the following statements apply to porcelain tile?
a) Porcelain tile can have a numerical 4 / 5 - wear rating
b) The color of a porcelain tile runs throughout the tile
c) Porcelain tile is significantly stronger than ceramic tile
d) All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a. harder clay
b. fired at 1,900 - 2,100 degrees
c. color throughout the tile, unless it is a glazed
d. pressed into shape (dust press method)
e. has a wear rating of five and classified as an impervious tile
f. has an absorption rate of less than .5% |
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Term
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Definition
The wearing rating of tiles runs from 1 to 5:
1 is for vertical surfaces in a residence.
2 is for light traffic such as a bathroom.
3 is good for most all residential and commercial
4 is good for heavy traffic areas
5 is best and good for freeze thaw applications. |
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Term
| The basic chemical component of marble and limestone is? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Marble is metamorphosed limestone. Some historically important kinds of marble, named after the locations of their quarries, include:
a. Carrara (Italy)
b. Pentelicus (Greece)
c. Proconnesus (Turkey) |
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Term
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Definition
a. White concretionary form of calcium carbonate.
b. Deposited from water of mineral springs.
c. Usually hard and semi crystalline.
d. Smooth and porous, known for its rich cream hue.
e. Rich and practical for tile flooring.
f. Makes up large amount of the Colosseum. |
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Term
Limestone is an excellent accent stone because like wood, it can be;
a. Sanded and sawn
b. Honed
c. Put on a lathe and turned
d. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a. Good for indoor and outdoor usage
b. Readily available
c. Easy to handle / mill
d. A sedimentary stone from organic elements of plants, glaciers, rivers and oceans
e. Smooth granular surface |
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Term
| Strip flooring utilizes thin flooring members. Plank flooring is wider than strip flooring. What range of the width dimension (in inches) determines "strip flooring" and what width dimensions are considered "plank flooring"? |
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Definition
| Strip flooring is 3.5 in or less whereas plank flooring is more than 3.5 in |
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Term
| __________ flooring is as hard as Maple; more stable than Red Oak, is a grass, not a wood, comes in over 100 species and is available in 30 colors? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a. Traditional Unfinished Wood
b. Pre-Finished Wood
c. Engineered Wood
d. Reclaimed Lumber
e. Bamboo Flooring
f. Laminate Flooring |
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Term
| Traditional Unfinished Wood |
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Definition
a) Standard unfinished hardwood flooring is the most common and often the least expensive
b) Common options include Oak, Beech, Birch, Hard Maple, Hickory/Pecan, and Ash |
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Term
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Definition
a) Pre-Finished Wood is often a solid wood product
b) Typically assembled of solid wood nailed to plywood sub-floor
c) Arrive on location stained and sanded |
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Term
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Definition
a) Engineered flooring is not solid wood
b) They are assembled with several layers of hardwood veneers
c) The layers are bonded together with adhesive to form a single unit, and then cut to uniform sizes
d) Adhesives usually contain formaldehyde |
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Term
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Definition
a) Steadily diminishing in supply
b) Represents many hardwood species now unavailable or illegal on the common market, or extinct
c) Can save cost by locating your own reclaimed timber site—old structures, old docks
d) Wonderful hardwoods can be found in rivers and lakes from old shipping accidents, well preserved by submergence |
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Term
| List four types of common surface-finishes that can be specified for either granite floors |
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Definition
| Hammered, flamed, honed, and polished |
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Term
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Definition
| Extremely high temperatures leave a rough, uniform texture and reveals the highlights of the colored crystals |
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Term
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Definition
| Surface that is smooth and uniform but with little or no reflective quality; stone can appear to be lighter in color and its grain less apparent |
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Term
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Definition
| Result of taking a honed finish and buffing it with small amounts of water and tin oxide or iron oxide; stone is left with a highly reflective, mirror-like finish; variations in the composition of the stone become more obvious and the color can appear to be darker |
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Term
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Definition
| The building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar. Components include CMU, brick, tile, and stone |
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Term
| Describe or explain what "Resilient Flooring" is. Give a material example. |
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Definition
Hard surfaced flooring that has a "bounce back"
Ex; cork, rubber, and linoleum |
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Term
| Describe what constitutes a "terrazzo floor." Be specific in your description. |
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Definition
| Terrazzo flooring is a cememtitious flooring with chips of various material within the pour separated by metal strips or lines |
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Term
| What is the principle difference between Linoleum Flooring and Marmoleum Flooring? Is one considered more "green" than the other? |
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Definition
| Marmoleum flooring is linoleum flooring with adhesive paper backing to make it stick; parts of linoleum in a square. Marmoleum is considered more green because the adhesive is already applied, so the release of VOCs occurs offsite. |
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Term
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Definition
a. Natural ingredient based flooring
b. Recommended for commercial settings
c. High durability
d. Similar in appearance to sheet vinyl once installed
e. Moderately expensive - $4 to $7 a square foot
f. Quite porous
g. Should be kept finished at all times
h. New installations may be tough to finish for a few weeks since it emits linseed oil vapors |
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Term
| There are many types of wood flooring assemblies and products that can be specified for a "wood" floor. One type utilizes solid lumber such as strip or plank flooring. List two additional types of "wood flooring" options presented in lecture. |
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Definition
| Engineered wood and pre-finished wood |
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Term
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Definition
| Underlays are intended to level out interior concrete floors prior to a new floor covering, like carpet or tile. These materials are self leveling and cementitious in composition. Most underlayments are engineered to allow for foot traffic in as little as three hours. Cementitious underlays provide several advantages over gypsum based underlays. They are higher in compressive strength and are not as susceptible to moisture infiltration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced on machines similar to sewing machines. Several hundred needles stitch hundreds of rows of pile yarn tufts through a backing fabric called the primary backing. The yarn is caught by loopers and held in place for loop-pile carpet or cut by blades for cut-pile carpet. Next, a secondary backing, usually polypropylene, is laminated with latex to the carpet. Other alternatives are attached cushion backings that will add resilience, acoustical insulation, and comfort underfoot. |
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Term
| Partitions; the vertical structural members in a wood or metal partition are called __________? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is meant by the term "nominal dimension"? Please describe how this descriptive term is distinct from a wood member's actual dimension. |
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Definition
| Nominal dimension is the label given to a standard piece of lumber before it is finished by planning vs actual which is the exact measurement of a piece of lumber |
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Term
| What is understood as; "a one-hour rated partition assembly?" |
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Definition
| This partition assembly will last an hour in a fire before being destroyed and no longer being structurally sound and it allows the fire to pass |
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Term
| What basic wallboard-clad construction assembly would constitute a one-hour rated partition assembly for a wood or metal partition? |
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Definition
| Type-x, 5/8" thick gypsum board |
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Term
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Definition
There are several types of gypsum board manufactured for specific purposes. New products are being developed and the industry is always changing.
a. Regular - is used as a surface layer for walls and ceilings, available in tapered and square edges.
b. Type X - is available in 5/8-inch thickness and has improved fire-resistance through the use of fibers mixed within the gypsum core.
c. Type C or Improved X - Additional additives give this product improved fire-resistance. Required in some fire-tested assemblies.
d. Water Resistant Board - made with a water-resistant core and water-resistant face paper. Also known as "green" board. Designed as a ceramic tile backer board. The NWCB does not recommend use in high moisture areas.
e. Gypsum Core Board - 1-inch thick panels used in proprietary shaft wall assemblies and laminated gypsum assemblies.
f. Gypsum Liner board - available in 1-inch thickness and used primarily in area separation wall systems.
g. Soffit board - designed for exterior use under protected overhangs and walkways.
h. Gypsum sheathing - used as an underlayment in exterior walls for structural stability and fire-protection. Available in treated and non-treated core for water-resistance. The NWCB recommends the use of treated core in the Pacific Northwest.
i. Abuse resistant board - Some of these new products may or may not be gypsum. Each manufacturer has specific recommendations and limitations to these products. |
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Term
| Wallboard is the generic term for this building material and it is perhaps the most popular building material in the entire building industry, but this material is also called other names. List three other names used interchangeably for the term wallboard |
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Definition
| Gyprock, dry wall, gypsum board |
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Term
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Definition
a. Plaster is the most common material for wall finished because it provides a smooth even surface for painting, wallpaper, wall coverings, or ceramic tile.
b. Although in the past, plaster was applied to the wall over a lath (in much the same way as stucco), this time consuming process has been replaced by the use of plasterboard (also known as drywall, wallboard, gyprock, and gypsum board). |
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Term
| What is wallboard made out of and what dimensions (width and length) is this material typically available? |
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Definition
| Made of a paper liner wrapped around an inner core. The dimensions are usually 4 x 8ft |
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Term
| ____-inch thick wallboard is typical to use when constructing curved partitions |
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Definition
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Term
| Partitions are typically rated in terms of their Sound Transmission Classification. What would be a "good and reasonable" STC rating for a meeting room, if the goal is to make loud speech barely heard? (within +/- 5 STC.) |
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Definition
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Term
| Sound Insulation Construction |
|
Definition
a. In the U.S., the standard way of describing sound isolation of constructions is a metric called STC, or Sound Transmission Class.
b. The STC rating of a wall, floor, or ceiling is determined by the components of the construction and how they are assembled. |
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Term
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Definition
a. A standard partition used to separate rooms in a building is typically a single stud wall and one layer of gypsum board on each side, and it has an STC rating of 35. The acoustic performance of the standard wall can be improved by using light gauge (25 gauge) metal studs instead of wood studs.
b. There are some conditions in a library where more sound isolation will be required, which can be accomplished by adding insulation within the wall cavity, providing a second layer of gypsum board on each side of the partition, or possibly using staggered stud construction.
c. These program areas include conference rooms and offices requiring confidential speech privacy, where STC ratings in the range of STC 45-50 are recommended.
a. To control noise transfer from rooms having amplified sound systems such as meeting rooms into other library spaces, the surrounding walls should have a minimum rating of STC 55-60 |
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Term
| True or False: When placing wallboard on the substructure of a vertical partition, it is best to orient the sheets vertically whenever possible. |
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Definition
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Term
| Plaster partitions are traditionally made using three distinct coats, or applications. Please name the three coats in order of their application and describe the approximate thickness for each of the three coats. |
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Definition
1st coat: stratch coating; 1 in thick
2nd coat: brown coat; ¼ to 3/8 in thick
3rd coat: finish coat; 1/8 in thick |
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Term
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Definition
a. Founded by two architects in 1998, Emmanuelle Bourlier and Christian Mitman
b. Developed this innovative material as a solution to a design problem
c. Honeycomb cores made of : PET, polycarbonate, or aluminum
d. Surfaces can be various cast polymers to create plethora of design opportunities
e. Panelite Insulated Glass Units (IGU) for interior and exterior applications |
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Term
| Regarding the phrase "Integrated Ceilings", list two of the six systems that are typically incorporated in an integrated ceiling. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
a. Some integrated ceilings are in themselves, interstitial spaces.
b. This allows for easy access to the hidden mechanical and electrical systems. |
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Term
| Acoustic ceiling tiles are commonly utilized to compose a suspended ceiling. What standard dimensions do ceiling tiles come in (width and length) and what are the two basic types of installations that ceiling tiles can be assembled in terms of their relationship to the metal t-bar or spline? |
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Definition
24x48 inches
24x24 inches
12x12 inches
Exposed spline- resting on metal
Conceiled spline- glued to frame |
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Term
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Definition
| Americans with Disabilities Act Architectural Guidelines |
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Term
|
Definition
a. Hanger Clips
b. Welded Studs
c. Wire Hangers
d. Hanger Rods
e. Flat Hangers
f. Hanger Tees
g. Expansion Anchors
h. Miscellaneous Fasteners |
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Term
|
Definition
| Volumes of a piece of wood 1 sq ft and 1 in thick |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rock formed by the solidification of molten magma/granite |
|
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Term
|
Definition
a. Common and widely-occurring group of igneous rock.
b. Provides ultimate durability and longevity.
c. Resists staining and scratching.
d. Resists heat
e. One of the most bacteria-resistant surfaces - but not recommended for food prep areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| The detailing that goes on the top and front of a stair. Usually for tread reasons, but also gives a nice look. It is also a matter of the step protruding forward or not. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lumber cut in the most economical manner |
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Term
|
Definition
| Glass that breaks into smaller beads so that it is not as dangerous |
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Term
| What is the maximum pitch for a ramp? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
a. Are all ramps (greater than 6' long) no steeper than 1:12 pitch?
b. Do you have handrails on both sides of all ramps? Handrails must extend beyond the ramp and stair end points by 1 foot.
c. Ramps can't be longer than 30 feet without having a landing.
d. Slopes are ramps that are less than a 1:20 pitch. Slopes do not need handrails. |
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Term
| What is the maximum length of a ramp without a landing? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum pitch for a "slope" before it is classified as a ramp? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the height range for a handrail on a ramp or stair? |
|
Definition
| Between 34-36'' and 42'' high for a guardrail and no spacing greater than 4'' |
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Term
| Describe what is meant by the coefficient of friction and what is the minimum ADA approved rating? |
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Definition
| Coefficient of friction is the amount of friction on a surface to stop an object from sliding = 0.7 |
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Term
|
Definition
a. At least 5% or a minimum of one of each type of seating, tables, or study carrels should be accessible to people with disabilities
b. Accessible furniture placement must have clear passage of 36 inches
c. Knee space is provided for people who use wheelchairs. This space is 19 inches deep and 27 inches high from floor to underside of table or counters |
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Term
| Steps - risers and stair tread standards; throughout a project, risers are encouraged to be ______ inches and stair treads _____ inches minimum. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the minimum clear width for stairs used as a fire-rated (protective) egress in a building? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Describe the basic organization for the numbering system used by Masterspec, which is also the basic organization of Sweets and is the CSI standard format for organizing materials and construction assemblies - used throughout the building industry. |
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Definition
Divided into materials, then subgroups of those materials.
1-General Req.
2-Existing Condit
3-Concrete
4-Masonry
5-Metals
6-Wood, Plastic, Composites
7-Thermal and Moisture Protection
8-Openings
9-Finishes.... etc..... |
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Term
| Regarding zoning categories in general, please list two of the ten "classifications of use" other than the category "Assembly" |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is type X gypsum board and why is it used? |
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Definition
| 5/8 in thick gypsum board made of fibers mixed within the core. It's used because it has a one hour fire rating |
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Term
| What is the typical vertical height required by code for guardrails? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| More things to consider about a ramp: |
|
Definition
a. If your ramp changes direction, you will need a 5' x 5' landing.
b. Do all your doors open in the direction of the flow of egress should a fire occur?
c. Are all platforms and stages accessible?
d. Consider slip resistant flooring materials.
e. Guardrails need to be 42" high and no horizontal space can be greater than 4" in width. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Angle of the seat compared to the ground |
|
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Term
| Rapidly renewable resources |
|
Definition
| Requires 10 years or less to grow, raise, and harvest |
|
|
Term
| Fire and Smoke ratings (Class A, B, C) |
|
Definition
| A materials ability to create smoke and spread fire. A is the lowest. |
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Term
| What orientation should wallboard be placed in? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| All fire required means of egress must be how wide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How wide a path must there be throughout all spaces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the levels of ratings in environmental LEED certifications from best to worst. |
|
Definition
| Platinum, Gold, Silver, Certified |
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Term
|
Definition
| Too much contrast of light |
|
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Term
| Plants require what kind of light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Distinct pattern or thought process |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Accounting of the human element in design |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Like white noise but less bright, people prefer to listen to it |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much lateral force it takes to slide a 100lb weight with leather on the bottom over a surface |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| igneous, metamorphic, sedementary |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Mosaic, Quarry, ceramic, porcelain |
|
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Term
| What would be a strong tile substructure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sanded, non sanded, epoxy |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Transitional, temporal, in between |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Space with a figure created by its geometry, color, history, etc... |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Flattened space that relates to more than 2D |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A thin relief (like a coin) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Articulated change in an interior ceiling space |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Bottom edge of a roof, projects past the wall normally |
|
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Millwork, built in stuff, attatched to interior, doors, etc... |
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Term
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Definition
| Water-resistant wallboard |
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Term
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Definition
| Scratch layer, needs to be finished with brown and finish coats |
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