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Physical world vs. Psychological truths
Restricted vs. Not restricted by laws of physics
Ex. Math and Geometry |
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Physical world vs. Psychological truths
Restricted vs. Not restricted by laws of physics
Ex. Math and Geometry |
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Foundationalism
Ex. Basket of apples, some rotten
Trying to find first principle
False first principle will lead to falsehood |
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**Evil Genius doubt
Omnipotent being that first made humans cognizant but flawed
Feeding deceptive things to us
Evil genius in reality is impossible
But we can at least think of Evil Genius to cast doubt on physical truths
Personal: humans would never know if flawed, because flawed anyway
**Dreaming doubt
In realm of sensation
No way that you know if not dreaming, so how can we base knowledge on fallible sense of deception
Back to the Cogito
Only thing know for certain is that we can perceive |
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1.) Fictitious (invented)
2.) Adventitious (from external objects)
Objects of external world really produced by external means
3.) Innate (inborn)
Idea of being that is infinite and perfect |
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Mental substance – thinking is its principle attribute (Meditation 2)
Infinite substance – this refers to God (Meditation 3)
Physical substance – extension is its principle attribute (Meditation 6) |
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| have mental and physical substance |
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Science is the source of truth on all things pertaining to bodies. Religion is the source of truth on all things pertaining to the soul.
The interaction between mind and body in the human being
A. The mind and the body seem to mutually influence one another. Since this is the case the view that the mind is like a captain that directs the ship (which is the body) isn’t quite correct. If this view was true, it would have the consequence that if our bodies are injured we would feel no more pain than a captain does when his ship is damaged.
B. The Problem: How can my mind move my body and my body affect my mind? How is it possible for mental substance and physical substance to interact with each other?
C. Descartes’ Solution: The pineal gland. This is a small gland at the base of the brain which he thought serves as an intermediary through which the mind/soul alters motions in the brain and vice versa.
D. Problems associated with this view: If our minds can influence the world through our bodies, then much in the world cannot be explained by mechanistic science. Furthermore, if the physical forces which affect the body can cause mental events, then our mental life and behavior are, to a large degree, products of our physical environment. |
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