Term
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Definition
| Very common, lateral nail margin driven into the skin of the nail groove. Common in big toe, males, teens. Caused by small shoes, trauma or cutting the nail in a curve. Edema, erythema, macerated, crusting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ingrown nail with erythema, edema, focal tenderness. Treat with opened toed shoes and cut nails straight and longer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ingrown nail with crusting, purulence, elevation. Treat with warm soaks and cotton under nail. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic ingrown nail with protuberant granulation. Treat by removing nail margin (avulsion). |
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Term
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Definition
| Smooth, firm w/o inflammation. Spontaneous separation of nail plate from underlying structures. Not a disease of nail matrix. Contact irritants, trauma, moisture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fungal infection of nails. Common with diabetes, athlete's foot, immunosuppresion. More common in toenails. Can be caused by dermatophytes, namely Trichophyton (if so it is call Tinea Unguium). |
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Term
| Distal Subungual Onychomycosis |
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Definition
| Most common fungal nail infection. Occurs under the nail. |
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Term
| White superficial Onychomycosis |
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Definition
| 10% of fungal nail infections. Affects superficial layers. |
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Term
| Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis |
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Definition
| Fungal nail infection of the proximal nail fold. Least common fungal nail infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nail infection due to Candida albicans. Due to frequent water immersion of the hands. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soft tissue infection around the nail. Common with prolonged contact with water. Most common hand infection. Acute = S. aureus, trauma. Chronic = Candida albicans, moist environments. If fluctuance/purulence = bacteria = actue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood under the nail. Due to blow to the distal phalanx and bleeding of the nail matrix. Can be asymptomatic or cause throbbing pain. Look for nailbed laceration or underlying fracture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bulbous enlargement of the distal portion of the digits. Can be idiopathic or secondary to organ system pathologies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Black or brown pigment of nail plate due to increased production of melanin. Usually asymptomatic. Can be diffuse or longitudinal. Check for malignant melanoma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small depressions on the nail surface. Imperfect nail plate formation in the matrix. Can be caused by psoriasis, lichen planus, alopecia areata, eczema and more. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncommon, transverse over-curvature of the nails. More common in toenails. Can be inherited or acquired (secondary to many other diseases). Asymptomatic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrow, vertical, reddish-brown lines of blood beneath the nails. Tiny clots damage small capillaries. Can be caused by trauma, baterial endocarditis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Warts of the nail margins. Can push the nail or cause possible detachment. If the wart affects the nail matrix it can cause permanent nail deformitiy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Benign ganglion. Often between distal interphalangeal joint and the nail. Leakage of fluid from the joint into the tissue. Translucent, flesh-colored, dome-shaped, firm lesions. Produce a gelatinous material if punctured. |
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