Term
| The base (vehicle) determines the ________ at which the active ingredient is absorbed through the skin. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| opaque, viscous, non-greasy to mildly greasy, white color |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mixture of emulsion of oil (50%) in water (50%) with preservative |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of creams and lotions |
|
Definition
| restore water and lipids to the epidermis |
|
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Term
| Chemicals such as ______ and ________ may be added to lubricating lotions to control pruritis. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which base (vehicle) is cosmetically most acceptable? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When are creams and lotions most effective? |
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Definition
| when applied to moist skin (immediately after bathing) |
|
|
Term
| uses for creams and lotions |
|
Definition
| chronic inflammation with xerosis, scaling, and lichenification |
|
|
Term
| opaque or translucent, viscous, greasy (looks like petroleum jelly) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
contains a limited number of organic compounds consisting primarily of greases such as petroleum jelly, with little or no water
usually 80% oil and 20% water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many ointments are __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a more effective barrier against moisture loss than creams and lotions? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Ointments have a greater ___________ of medicine than creams and therefore have enhanced __________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Ointments provide more ___________, thus are more desirable for _________ lesions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are ointments not good for acute eczema or for intertriginous areas such as the groin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic inflammation with xerosis, scaling, and lichenification |
|
|
Term
| clear base, sometimes with a jellylike consistency, usually translucent and non-greasy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
greaseless mixture of propylene glycol and water
sometimes also contains alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dries sweaty and/or oozing skin
provides a cooling sensation when applied to the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acute exudative inflammation, such as poison ivy
scalp areas where other vehicles mat the hair |
|
|
Term
| opaque, viscous, greasy to mildly greasy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
semisolid suspension combining three agents: oil, water, and powder
contains a large proportion (20-50%) of solids finely dispersed in an aqueous or fatty vehicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pastes are _________ and less _______ than ointments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soothes inflamed and "weeping" skin |
|
|
Term
| clear or milky appearance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| may contain water and alcohol as well as other chemicals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Solutions may result in _________ and _________ when applied to intertriginous areas such as the groin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most useful for scalp because they penetrate easily through the hair, leaving no residue |
|
|
Term
| frequently added to other agents to make shake lotions and pastes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zinc oxide is a type of _________ prescribed by dermatologists. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should powder never be applied to skin creases when the skin is "weeping?" |
|
Definition
| clumps may form that rub and irritate the skin, making the condition worse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreases friction on skin-to-skin surfaces
promotes drying of sweaty and oozing lesions |
|
|
Term
| one FTU weighs approximately... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One hand area of involved skin requires... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The entire skin surface of the average-sized adult is covered by how much cream? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mupirocin ointment intranasally TID x 5 days
(comes in 1g single use tubes to prevent contamination) |
|
|
Term
| topical treatment for impetigo caused by S. aureus and group A beta-hemolytic strep |
|
Definition
| mupirocin ointment or cream |
|
|
Term
| topical treatment for acne vulgaris |
|
Definition
-clindamycin with benzoyl peroxide (BenzaClin) gel
-erythromycin gel
-erythromycin with benzoyl peroxide (Benzamycin) |
|
|
Term
| topical treatment of candidal vaginitis |
|
Definition
miconazole (Monistat)
clotrimazole (Lotrimin)
nystatin |
|
|
Term
| topical treatment of dermatophytosis, candidiasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and tinea |
|
Definition
ketoconazole (Nizoral)
ciclopiroxolamine 1% cream and lotion (Loprox) |
|
|
Term
| topical treatment for onychomycosis |
|
Definition
| ciclopiroxolamine 8% lacquer (not very effective) |
|
|
Term
| topical treatment for other dermatophytes |
|
Definition
terbinafine (Lamisil)
vutenafine (Mentax)
tolnaftate (Tinactin) |
|
|
Term
| topical treatment for other candidas |
|
Definition
nystatin (swished for oral thrush)
amphotericin B ("ampho-terrible") |
|
|
Term
| oral treatment for systemic mycosis |
|
Definition
fluconazole (Diflucan)
itraconazole (Sporonax)
ketoconazole (Nizoral) |
|
|
Term
| oral treatment for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis |
|
Definition
ketoconazole
fluconazole
itraconazole |
|
|
Term
| oral treatment for onychomycosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you dose itraconazole for onychomycosis? |
|
Definition
pulse dosing
2 months for fingernails
12 wks for toenails
monitor hepatic function!!! |
|
|
Term
| How do you dose terbinafine for onychomycosis |
|
Definition
6 wks for fingernails
12 wks for toenails |
|
|
Term
| oral treatment for candidal vaginitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oral treatment for dermatophytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug interactions with oral antifungals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| topical treatment for oral HSV (type 1 and 2) |
|
Definition
acyclovir (Zovirax) 5% ointment
penciclovir (Denavir) 1% cream |
|
|
Term
| topical treatment for scabies |
|
Definition
permethrin 5% (Elemite) cream
lindane (Kwell)
crotamiton (Eurax)
sulfur (children, pregnant women) |
|
|
Term
| How is permethrin 5% (Elemite) cream used? |
|
Definition
| one time application from the neck down x 8-14 hours then rinse |
|
|
Term
| What topical antiparasitic is outlawed in California due to possible toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| topical treatment for lice |
|
Definition
permethrin 1% (Nix) cream
lindane (Kwell) shampoo
malathion (Ovide) 0.5% lotion |
|
|
Term
| treatment of anogenital warts (external only) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment for atopic dermatitis (eczema) |
|
Definition
macrolide immunosuppressants
-tacrolimus (Protopic)
-pimecrolimus (Elidel) |
|
|
Term
| destructive agents used for treatment of keratotic lesions |
|
Definition
salicylic acid
propylene glycol
urea |
|
|
Term
| treatment of condyloma acuminatum or other verrucae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| podophyllum resin contraindication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment for actinic keratosis |
|
Definition
fluorouracil
diclofenac (NSAID)
aminolevulinic acid (ALA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of retinoic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
derivative of retinoic acid with similar effects
less irritating
most effective in mild acne |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tazarotene (Tazorac) contraindication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| use for azelaic acid (Azelex, Finacea) |
|
Definition
acne vulgaris
acne rosacea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MOE not understood
inhibits sebaceous gland size and function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| action of minoxidil (Rogaine) |
|
Definition
| reverses miniaturization of terminal scalp hairs associated with androgenic alopecia |
|
|
Term
| Minoxidil is more effective in ________ balding than __________ balding. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Minoxidil (Rogaine) may systemically affect... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| finasteride mechanism of action |
|
Definition
5-alpha-reductase inhibitor
(blocks conversion fo testosterone to dihydrotestosterone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| promotes hair growth and prevents further hair loss |
|
|
Term
| side effects of finasteride |
|
Definition
may decrease libido and cause ED
risk of hypospadias in developing male fetuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| eflornithine mechanism of action |
|
Definition
inhibits ornithine decarboxylase
affects rate of hair growth; reduces facial hair growth in 30% of women over the course of 6 months |
|
|
Term
| What drug has an unapproved use in hirsutism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| use of acitretin (Soriatane) |
|
Definition
| psoriasis (especially pustular) |
|
|
Term
| side effects of acitretin (Soriatane) |
|
Definition
can elevate LFTs
teratogenic (3 month elimination time)
no blood donations or pregnancies for 3 years after d/c
no EtOH for 2 months after d/c |
|
|
Term
| side effects of tazarotene (Tazorac) |
|
Definition
teratogenic
minimize sun exposure |
|
|
Term
| Tazarotene (Tazorac) is used for both acne and _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vitamin D3 derivative used for plaque-type psoriasis vulgaris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
psoriasis
dermatitis
lichen simplex chronicus
antipruritic |
|
|
Term
| What situations should tar compounds be avoided? |
|
Definition
| acute dermatitis with vesiculation and oozing |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of tar compounds |
|
Definition
irritant folliculitis
phototoxicity
allergic contact dermatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immunosuppressive
interferes with lymphocyte activation |
|
|
Term
| use of alefacept (Amevive) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alefacept (Amevive) contraindications |
|
Definition
significant infections
hx of malignancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immunosuppressive
affects activation, adhesion, and migration of T-lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| side effects of alefacept (Amevive) |
|
Definition
| can interfere with CD4 counts |
|
|
Term
| side effects of efalizumab (Raptiva) |
|
Definition
possible thrombocytopenia
do not use with other immunosuppressive agents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immunosuppressive
binds TNF-alpha and beta and blocks interaction with recpetors that play part in inflammatory process of psoriasis |
|
|
Term
| side effects of etanercept (Enbrel) |
|
Definition
infections, sepsis
do not use with other immunosuppressive agents |
|
|
Term
| What type of base is most effective for delivery of topical corticosteroids? |
|
Definition
| ointment rather than cream or lotion |
|
|
Term
| indications for topical corticosteroids |
|
Definition
psoriasis
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPPs) |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of corticosteroids |
|
Definition
-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression (Cushing's syndrome)
-growth retardation in children
-atrophy of skin
-steroid rosacea, perioral dermatitis, steroid acne, hypertrichosis
-increased intraocular pressure
-allergic contact dermatitis |
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