Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Dermatology
From Step up to step 2, Secrets, Qbank, and DIT
79
Medical
Graduate
05/09/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Name the 2 bacteria that cause cellulitis

Definition

 

 

Staph aureus (MSSA and MRSA)

 

Group A strep

Term

 

 

Name 4 risk factors for getting cellulits

Definition

IV drug use

Diabetes

Skin penetration (trauma, surgery)

lymphatic dysfunction

Term

[image]

 

What is this?

Definition

 

Cellulitis

 

Erythema, swollen, painful

Term

 

 

Treatment of cellulitis (3 antibiotics)

Definition

 

Cephalosporin

 

Oxacillin

 

Vanco/Linezolid (for MRSA)

Term

 

 

Treatment of cellulitis in pt with DM

Definition

 

 

Broad coverage, risk of multiorganism infection

Term

 

 

Complication of cellulitis

Definition

 

 

Necrotising Faciitis

Term

 

 

Why are wound cultures not useful in cellulitis?

Definition

 

 

Risk of contamination with normal skin flora

Term

 

 

Where does pus accumulate in skin abscesses?

Definition

 

 

Subcutaneous tissue

Term

 

 

What is hidradenitis suppurativa?

Definition

 

 

Chronic follicular occlusion and apocrine gland inflammation

 

leads to recurrent abscesses in the groin, axilla, perineum

Term

 

What bacteria causes skin abscesses?

What about in the back and perineal region?

Definition

Most common: staphylococcal

 

Back/perineum: anaerobic

Term

 

Treatment of skin abscess

Definition

I/D with healing by secondary intention

 

antibiotics (cephalosporin)

Term

 

 

Risk of large facial abscess

Definition

 

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Term

 

 

Symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis

Definition

 

Loss of sensation of affected tissue

 

Crepitus

 

Very painful

Term

 

 

Treatment of necrotizing fasciitis

Definition

 

debridement, antibiotics

Term

[image]

 

What is this?

What pathogens (2) causes it?

Definition

 

Impetigo

 

Staph aureus, Group A strep

Term

 

 

How do you treat impetigo?

Definition

 

Wash the area

 

Erythromycin or cephalosporin

 

don't share clothing to prevent spread of infection

Term

 

 

What bacteria causes acne vulgaris?

Definition

 

Propionibacterium

Term

 

 

Name 5 treatments of acne vulgaris

Definition

Retinoid

Antibiotics

Benzoyl perozide

OCP

isotretinoin

Term

 

 

Name 2 complications of isotretinoin therapy and what you do to monitor for them

Definition

1) Teratogenic: women need 2 negative pregnancy tests and 2 forms of birth control

 

2) hepatotoxic: monitor LFTs

Term

 

 

Where does HSV remain dormant

Definition

 

 

Sensory neuron ganglia

Term

[image]

 

What causes this?

What are 2 common locations and types?

Definition
HSV 1 or 2 (usually 1 is mouth, 2 is genitals)
Term

 

 

What do you do to diagnose HSV?
What do you see?

Definition

Tzanck Smear

 

Multinucleated giant cells

Term

[image]

 

What causes this and what is it called?

Definition

 

Varicella Zoster - chicken pox form

Term

[image]


What is this?  What is it called?

Definition

 

Varicella zoster - shingles form

Term

 

What virus can cause rash, encephalopathy, and retinitis in immunocompromised patients?

Definition
Varicella
Term

[image]

 

What is this?
What causes it?

How do you treat it?
What is the main complication?

Definition

Genital warts

HPV

Treatment: cryotherapy, laser

Complcations: anal cancer, cervical cancer

Term

[image]

 

What is this and what causes it?

How do you treat?

Definition

Molluscum contagiosum

 

Viral skin infection- pox virus

 

self resolves or cryotherapy

Term

 

What do you see on histology of molluscum contagiosum?

Definition

 

Large inclusion bodies

Term

 

 

[image]


What is this?
What is the common name?

How do you treat?

Definition

Tinea corporis


Ringworm

 

Ketoconazole

Term

[image]

 

What causes this?


What exam can you use to diagnose it?

 

How do you treat?

Definition

Tinea versicolor

 

Wood's lamp exam

 

Ketoconazole

Term

 

 

What organism causes scabies?

Definition

 

Sarcoptes scabiei

Term

 

 

[image]

 

What is this?

 

What do you see on a slide?

Definition

Scabies

 

Mites and eggs

Term

 

How does a type I hypersensitivity reaction of the skin present?

Definition

Acute onset after ingestion or contact with offending agent

 

It lasts only a few hours

Term

 

 

What is the pathophysiology of a type I hypersensitivity skin reaction?

Definition

 Mast cell degranulation leads to urticaria

 

IgE

Term

 

How does a type IV hypersensitivity skin reaction present?

Definition

Appears several days after exposure

 

Most common form of contact dermatitis

Term

 

[image]

 

What is this?

What causes it?

What infection is it most associated with?

Definition

Erythema multiforme

 

Caused from hypersensitivity to drugs, infection, or vaccines

 

Herpes Simplex infection

Term

 

 

What is steven-johnson's syndrome?

Definition

Severe erythema multiformed that involves mucous membranes and skin sloughing

 

Can be idiopathic, drug reaction

 

involves upto 10% of body

Term

 

 

What is the most severe hypersensitivity skin reaction?

How do you treat it?

Definition

Toxic epidermal necrosis (T.E.N)

 

Treat in a burn center, give lots of hydration, IVIG, and steroids

 

involves over 30% of body

Term

 

What is cradle cap and how do you treat it?

Definition

Seborrheic dermatitis

Selenium shampoo or ketoconazole

Term

[image]

 

What is this?

What cell layer is absent?

Definition

 

Psoriasis

 

Missing the granular cell layer

Term

 

Name 4 drugs that can be used to treat psoriasis

Definition

Corticosteroids

Tacrolimus

Methotrexate

Cyclosporin

Term

 

What inflammatory skin disorder presents with a herald patch?

 

What medication can you give to slow exacerbation?

Definition

Pityriasis rosea

 

Erythromycin

Term

[image]

 

What is this?

 

Name 4 diseases it is associated with

Definition

Erythema nodosum

 

Strep infection

IBD

Sarcoidosis/TB

Pregnancy

Term

 

What is the pathophysiology of pemphigus vulgaris?

Definition

autoantibodies against epidermal adhesion molecules

 

Intracellular IgG

Term

 

 

What is the pathophysiology of bullous pemphigoid?

Definition

Autoantibodies against the epidermal basement membrane

 

IgG and C3 deposits along the basement membrane

Term

[image]

 

What is this?

Name 3 drugs that treat it.

Definition

Pemphigus vulgaris

 

Steroids, azothioprine, cyclophosphamide

Term

[image]


What is this?

Name 2 drugs to treat it

Definition

Bullous pemphigoid

 

Steroids, Azothioprine

Term

 

How does porphyria cutanea tarda present?

 

What causes it?

 

Treatment?

Definition

Chronic blistering on sun exposed skin

 

Caused from deficiency in Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (genetic)

 

Phelbotomy, chloroquine

Term

 

 

Why do we care about actinic keratosis?

Definition
Because it can turn into squamous cell carcinoma
Term

 

 

What does Squamous cell carcinoma look like?

Definition

Painless, red papule with scales.

 

After a long time it can ulcerate and bleed

Term


What does Basal cell carcinoma look like?
Definition
Pearly papule with telangiectasias
Term



What factor best predicts prognosis in melanoma?

 

What is the biggest risk that someone has melanoma?

Definition

Lesion thickness

 

Recent changes in a mole's appearance

Term

[image]


What is this?

Definition

Cherry hemangioma

 

Benign vascular tumor associated with aging

Term

[image]

 

Who gets this?

What is it?

Definition

Strawberry hemangioma

 

Benign vascular tumor

 

Seen in kids at birth, gradually resolve (may initially get worse)

Term

[image]

 

What is this?

 

What is the hormone connection?

 

What is the pathology?

Definition

Spider angioma

 

Estrogen dependent: associated with OCP, liver disease

 

central arteriole dilation caused from high estrogen state

Term

[image]

 

what is this?

Is this a benign process?

What syndrome is this associated with?

Definition

Cavernous hemangioma

 

Benign if just on skin.

when in the brain: AVM associated with bleeding

 

Associated with von-hippel lindau

Term

[image]

 

What is this?

what is it known as?

Definition

Ichthyosis vulgaris

 

Normal skin at birth that becomes dry

 

called lizard skin

Term

Graft v Host Disease

 

What is the immunology of this disease?

 

What systems are affected?

Definition

Donor T cell mediated reaction against host HLA

 

Affects skin, intestines, and Liver

Term

 


What is the best advice to protect from photo-exposure?

Definition
Avoid being outside (sun exposure) from 10-4.
Term
Acanthosis nigricans

What is this associated with (2 diseases)
Definition

Insulin resistance (young people)

 

Gastric adenocarcinoma (old people)

Term
What is Vitiligo?
Definition
Destruction of melanocytes (?autoimmune)
Term

 

What is Piebaldism?

 

 

Definition
Inherited lack of melanocytes limited to head and trunk
Term

 

What is Chalazion?


How do you treat it?

Definition

From obstruction of the meibomian gland

 

can be due to meibomian gland carcinoma - do histology

 

rx: steroids or Incision/Curettage

Term

 

What is a Hordeolum?

What is it known as?


How do you treat it?

Definition

Stye

 

Rx: antistaph abx, hot compresses

Term

[image]

 

what is this?
What causes this?

How does it present?

How is it treated?

Definition

Lichen Planus

 

unknown cause

 

Itchy rash of skin or mucous membranes

 

Steroids or self resolving

Term

[image]

 

What is this?

How does it present?

What disease is it associated with?

How do you treat it?
What antibodies are present?

Definition

Dermatitis herpetiformis

 

vesicular rash throughout arms, trunk, buttock, that comes and goes.  May have GI symptoms

 

Celiac disease

 

gluten free diet

 

antiendomesial antibodies

 

Term

[image]

 

What is this?
What is it known as?

Definition

Milaria

 

Heat rash

Term

[image]

What is this?
What type of virus causes this?

How is it spread?

What sign in the mouth is pathognomotic for this illness?

What complications are there?

Definition

Measles


Paramyxovirus

 

Respiratory spread, very contagious

 

Koplik spots

 

complications: vit A deficiency (give Vit A)

Term

[image]

What is this called?

 

How does it present?

 

What bacteria cultures out of the rash?

Definition

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

 

flu-like prodrome with fever

 

Cultures negative (due to the toxin produced, NOT from the bacteria itself)

Term

[image]

 

What is this?


What organism causes it?

 

How is it different from cellulitis?

Definition

Erysipelas

 

Group A strep

 

More superficial.  Does not affect subcutaneous tissue

Term


Who gets bullous pemphigoid?

 

How does it present?

Definition

old people

 

Tense blisters

Term

 

 

[image]

What is this?

 

What is it associated with?

 

What infection is the precursor?

Definition

Kaposi's Sarcoma

 

HIV/AIDS

 

HHV8

Term
[image]

What is this?

Who do you see it in?

What exacerbates it?
Definition

Rosacea

 

usually in fair skinned people age 30-60

 

flushing due to heat, emotion

Term

[image]

What is this called?

 

In whom is it life threatening and how do you treat?

Definition

Eczema herpeticum

 

disseminated form of HSV that occurs after or with atopic dermatitis

 

life threatening in infants, give acyclovir

Term
What is the pathophysiology of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
Definition

Cell mediated

A person must be exposed to an antigen 1X before developing the reaction

Term

[image]

What is this?

 

What physical diagnostic sign should you look for?

 

What do you worry about in pregnant women (3 problems with baby)?

Definition

Rubella

 

Cervical lymphadenopathy


Congenital rubella syndrome: cateracts, deafness, heart disease

Term
Angioedema pathophysiology (non ACEi associated)
Definition

C1 inhibitor deficiency (acquired or genetic)

 

often after trauma (dental procedures)

Term

[image]

What is this?

What organism?
How does it present?  Where do you see the rash?

Name 2 drugs that can treat it.

Definition

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Ricketssia ricketssia

 

flu like prodrome

 

starts at wrist and ankles then spreads inwards


Doxycycline or Chloramphenicol

Term

 

How do you treat scabies (2 meds)?

Definition

Permethrin cream

 

antihistamine for pruritis

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