Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| visible and palpable flakes |
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Term
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Definition
| secondary, superficial ulceration due to scratching |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thickening of skin (flat topped) secondary to scratching |
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Term
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Definition
| constant wetting and appearance of surface softening |
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Term
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Definition
| flat localised area of colour change, hypopigmented, pigmented or erythematous eg freckle |
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Term
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Definition
| a very large macule >10mm eg port wine stains, vitiligo |
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Term
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Definition
Elevated solid lesion, <5mm in diameter
Shape: umbilicated/pedunculated/dome or flat top.
Colour: violaceous/pearly white/yellow/red/blue black. Arrangement: follicular/perifollicular/nil, surface: smooth/vegetations/papillomatous
eg skin tag, lichen planus, basal cell carcinoma, nevi |
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Term
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Definition
| Larger papule, >5mm may be fluid filled or solid, can be deeper |
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Term
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Definition
| Plateau like elevated lesion, may be a collection of papules, >10mm diameter, less than 5mm high eg plantar wart |
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Term
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Definition
| papule with clear fluid, <5mm in diameter. Flaccid, tense, umbilicated. Base: normal, erythmeatous, urticated. Contents: clear, turbid, blood tinged. Secondary: erosions, crusts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Larger version of a vesicle >5mm. Flaccid, tense, umbilicated. Base: normal, erythmeatous, urticated. Contents: clear, turbid, blood tinged. Secondary: erosions, crusts. |
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Term
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Definition
| papule containing pus, eg acne |
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Term
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Definition
| Nodule containing fluid or semi solid material, subdermal eg sebaceous cyst |
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Term
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Definition
| Transitory elevated lesions, plaque or papule, erythematous and odematous. May have central clearing. Are sharp, well defined with irregular borders. eg hives, insect bite |
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Term
secondary lesions examples |
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Definition
| scales, crusts, erosion, ulcer, excoriation, lichenification, atrophy, scar, fissure |
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Term
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Definition
| petechiae (rbcs in dermis <5mm), purpura (rbcs in dermis >5mm), telangectasia, burrows, comedomes |
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Term
| Difference between purpura and erythema when blanching skin? |
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Definition
| purpura do not blanch, erythema does |
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Term
| Where does haemosiderin mostly occur, and major cause? |
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Definition
| Ankles, underlying venous disorder |
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Term
| Difference between vasculitis and telangiectasia? |
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Definition
| Vasculitis is transient inflammation of vessels eg chilblains and RP, telangiectasis is permanently dilated capillaries and venules |
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Term
| Major factors to consider when examining lesions |
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Definition
| size, distribution, arrangement, colour, secondary changes, primary lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| Erythema - sign of inflammation and infection or systemic disorder like SLE |
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Term
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Definition
| Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis |
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Term
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Definition
| 25-30 layers of dead cells, helps to regulate body temperature. Has 5 layers, (Stratum C, L, G, S B) |
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Term
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Definition
| cushions body from stress and strain, harbours nerves, follicles, glands, vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| attaches skin to bone and muscle, contains fat |
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Term
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Definition
- protection
-immune surveillance
-sensation
-thermoregulation
-control fo evaporation
-storage and synthesis
- absoroption
- water resistance |
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Term
| Three types of skin areas and the bacteria that thrive: |
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Definition
Sebaceous: propionibacteria and staph
Moist: corynebacteria, staph
Dry: proteobacteria, flavobacteriales |
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Term
| What are 4 different sources that determine skin colour? |
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Definition
melanin: brown
carotene: yellow to orange
haemoglobin: purple
oxyhemoglobin: red |
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Term
| How many skin types are there and which one burns but doesnt tan? |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
name the type of lesion |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
name the type of lesion |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
name the type of lesion |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
name the type of distribution |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name the type of lesion |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
name the distribution |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
name the distribution |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
name the distribution |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
name the distribution |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristic signs of eczema? |
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Definition
| pruritis, erythema, macule/papule/vesicle/plaque |
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Term
| Main features acute dermatitis? |
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Definition
| erythema, odema, vesicles, weeping, pruritus +++ |
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Term
| Main features subacute dermatitis? |
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Definition
| erythema, scaling, papules, vesicles, pruritus ++ |
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Term
| Main features chronic dermatitis? |
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Definition
| erythema, scaling, lichenification, pruritus + |
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Term
What is this condition and what is the most critical feature of it?
[image] |
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Definition
| Exfoliative dermatitis, affects 90% of body. Patient quite unwell, is losing fluids and proteins. Cant maintain body temp |
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Term
| What is the hygiene hypothesis> |
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Definition
| A reduction in the frequency of childhood infections results in an increase of various allergic and autoimmune diseases |
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Term
| Diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis? (3/4 needed) |
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Definition
- pruritus
-morphology and distribution of lesions for age
-chronicity
-personal or family history of astham, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis |
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Term
| At least 50% of people with atopic dermatitis have a defect in what? |
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Definition
| filaggrin, which usually maintains barrier in stratum corneum |
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Term
| At what age do 60% experience their first outbreak of atopic dermatitis? |
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Definition
| One, but may present at any age |
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Term
| What are the distributions of Atopic dermatitis through the four phases of life? |
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Definition
Infant: cheeks, face, scalp, trunk, extensor surfaces.
Child - wrists, ankles, back of thighs, popliteal fossa.
Young adult: face, neck, arms, back, flexures.
Adult: hands, neck and face |
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Term
| Management of atopic dermatitis |
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Definition
-Reduce triggers
- regular emollients life long
-topical steroids initially intensive then intermittent
-topical calcineurin inhibitors
-oral antibiotics
-oral antihistamines
-phototherapy
-immunosuppression if long term |
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Term
| Features of seborrheic dermatitis |
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Definition
| Scaly, flaky, red, itchy rash of scalp, face and trunk affecting any age |
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Term
| Organism associated with seborrheic dermatitis |
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Definition
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Term
| Factors associated with seborrheic dermatitis? |
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Definition
| parkinsons, facial palsy, polio, HIV, stress |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Management of seborrheic dermatitis |
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Definition
- controlled with regular antifungal and intermittent topical steroids (hydrocortisone twice daily for 1-2wks)
- infantile type usually clears itself
-medicated shampoos with ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, coal tar, salicyclic acid etc twice weekly for a month or more
-topical calcineurin inhibitors eg pimecrolimus or tacrolimus
-severe may need oral antifungal or UV
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Term
| Pompholyx dyshidrotic eczema main features |
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Definition
| - crops of deep seated, clear vesicles on palms and sides of fingers, can involve sole and cause nail dystrophy. |
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Term
| What can flare pompholyx eczema |
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Definition
-stress
-hot weather
-hx of atopic dermatitis
-tinea pedis sometimes
-nickel allergy |
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Term
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Definition
| Pompholyx dyshidrotic eczema |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Management of stasis dermatitis |
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Definition
-dry up ooze with potassium permanganate/dilute vinegar/gauze as compresses
-oral antibiotics eg flucloxacillin for secondary infection
-topical corticosteroid beginning with most potent for a few days to milder until resolved
-coal tar ointment
- do not scratch
-protect skin from injury
-address vascular issues refer for imaging or compression stockings |
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Term
| Features and causes of asteatotic eczema (eczema craquele) |
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Definition
| excessive dryness of skin, occurs in older ages esp on legs. Causes are environmental (weather and soaps), tends to affect those on drugs (retinoids, diueretics), or with underlying thryoid, malnutrition or weight loss issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Asteatotic eczema (eczema craquele) |
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Term
| Features of nummular/discoid eczema |
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Definition
| round or oval, blistered or dry skin lesions. Are itchy, chronic, relapsing and common on legs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cause and features of lichen simplex |
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Definition
| Due to repeated rubbing and scratching of a primary itch from a number of conditions (including neurological), causes localised plaque of chronic eczema. Occurs wrist, ankle, anogenitcal, back of neck. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Contact dermatits causes and features |
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Definition
-irrtating substance or allergen, difficult to distinguish may coexist
- large burning, itching rash that can take days to weeks to heal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnosis and management of contact dermatitis |
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Definition
Diagnose with patch test and history taking
avoid allergens/irritants, use protectice equipment, emollients and thick moisturisers without fragrance on active rash, topical steroids, topical/oral antibiotics, oral steroid for short course for severe, phototherapy, immunosuppresion eg (tacrolimus, cyclosporin, calcineurin inhibitors), topical
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Term
| Perioral dermatitis main lesion type, where it affects and who it affects? |
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Definition
| Red papules, around mouth, eventually nose or eyes. Women 20-45 |
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Term
| Main cause, exacerbating factors and treatment of perioral dermatitis |
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Definition
- topical glucocorticosteroids, oily face/cosmetics or fluoride toothpaste. Exacerbated by cosmetics, soaps
Treatment by topical erythromycin or in severe cases oral forms of tetracycline antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| General management principles of dermatitis |
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Definition
| -protect skin, emollients, topical steroids unless perioral, oral/topical antibitiocs to treat/avoid local infection, oral antihistamines to prevent itching, systemic steroid/immunosuppressive if severe |
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Term
| What is the structure of the stratum corneum compared to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Difference between orthokeratosis, parakeratosis, dyskeratosis |
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Definition
Orthokeratosis: thickening of keratin (norm0
Parakeratosis: accelerated keratin activity secondary to inflamm, cells dont have time to shed nuclei
Dyskeratosis: imperfect keratinocyte activity, stratum spinosum undergoes premature abnormal keratinisation |
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Term
| Normal skin turnover time |
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Definition
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Term
| Papulo-squamous disorder is? Examples? |
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Definition
| Presents with both papules and scales, or both scaly papules and plaques eg psoriasis/ Lichen Planus |
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Term
| Psoriasis presentation and features |
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Definition
- chronic, symmetrical, erythematous, scaling plaques/papules.
- chronic, recurrent, immune mediated |
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Term
| Chronic plaque psoriasis features and location |
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Definition
- red, sharply defined scaling papulers that coalesce to form stable round oval plaques. Scale is silvery white, adherent and point bleeds on removal (ausoltz sign).
- Appears on extensor extremities, scalp, sacrum, nails, ears, gluteal cleft |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Appearance of guttate psoriasis and who it affects, plus any associations |
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Definition
| Numerous, monomorphic scaly papules that suddenly appear on trunk. Affects mainly children and young adults. Can be associated with strep and viral infections. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Pustular Psoriasis; forms, associations, features |
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Definition
Localised (chronic), generalised (medical emergency)
Associated with tobacco use
Small sterile pustules from red tender base on palms and soles, do not ruputre but turn dark brown and scale. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Erythrodermic psoriasis; bodily features and associations |
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Definition
Total body redness with chills or high body temp, skin pain. May be drug related or bought on infection/streoid withdrawal/irritant topicals.
Is medical emergency |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Soap free substitutes, thick moisturisers
1st Topical - steroids, tar, calcipotriene (vit d analogue)
2nd Physical - phototherapy
3rd Systemic - retinoids, methotrexate, cyclosporin, biologics |
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