Term
|
Definition
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Gentamicin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Clotrimazole, Sulconazole, Terbinafine, Butenafine |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 Calcineuron Inhibitors? What is their mechanism and function? |
|
Definition
Tacrolimus
Imiquimod
Alefacept
Bind steroid receptors to inhibit T-cell activation and prevent inflammation
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st generation (oral) - Isotretinoin
3rd Generation (topical) - Adapalene |
|
|
Term
| Keratolytic/Destructive Agent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trichogenic & Antitrichogenic agents |
|
Definition
Minoxidil
Finasteride
Eflornithine |
|
|
Term
| What type of drugs do not penetrate the skin well? |
|
Definition
| Water-soluble ions/polar molecules |
|
|
Term
| Where and when is the skin more permeable? |
|
Definition
Scrotum, Face, Axilla, Scalp
Extremes of age (preterm infants & elderly) |
|
|
Term
| Percutaneous absorption is increased/decreased in what situations? |
|
Definition
Increased - Eczema (broken skin)
Decreased - psoriasis (thickened epidermal plaques) |
|
|
Term
| What are Topical Antibiotics useful for? |
|
Definition
1. preventing clean wound infection
2. early treatment of infected dermatoses/wounds
3. preventing staph colonization of nares
4. treating acne vulgaris
5. axillary deodorization |
|
|
Term
| What 2 Topical antibiotics are neurotoxic and nephrotoxic if absorbed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do the antifungal agents work? |
|
Definition
| Disrupting fungal cell wall integrity |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are contraindicated with the Azole antifungals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do corticosteroids work? |
|
Definition
Induce Lipocortins
Lipocortins antagonize phopholipase A2
Decreases the subsequent formation and release of endogenous inflammatory mediators |
|
|
Term
| What can happen if corticosteroids is used on the eyelids? |
|
Definition
| skin atrophy locally with glucoma & cataracts |
|
|
Term
| What can happen with long-term use of topical corticosteroids? |
|
Definition
Hirsutism
Acne
Depigmentation |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of Tacrolimus? |
|
Definition
-Inhibit T-cell activation by blocking phosphatase action of calcineurin
-bind cell surface steroid receptors to down regulate inflammatory cascade |
|
|
Term
| How is Tacrolimus metabolized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Topical Immunosuppressant
External genital or perianal warts caused by HPV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Modulates CD2 receptors and induces apoptosis of CD2+ cells causing immunosuppresion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bind skin RAR beta and gamma
Upregulates skin proliferation
--increase RNA polymerase activity
--increase PGE2
--increase DNA thymidine incorporation
*Decreases epidermal cell cohesion and Increases cell turnover |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of acute retinoid toxicity? |
|
Definition
dry skin
nose bleeds
conjunctivitis
hair loss |
|
|
Term
| What are some Side Fx of Retinoids? |
|
Definition
POTENT TERATOGEN (may last years after)
Increased tumorigenicity of UV light
Increased effects of photosensitizing agents |
|
|
Term
| What are Retinoids used for? |
|
Definition
Isotretinoin and Adapalene
Inflammatory disorders Hyperproliferative disorders skin malignancies Photo-aging |
|
|
Term
| What is Benzoyl peroxide effective against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the action of Benzoyl peroxide? |
|
Definition
1. releases free-radical oxygen species which oxidize bacterial proteins
2. drying and desquamative effect |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common adverse reactions of Benzoyl peroxide? |
|
Definition
xerosis
erythema
skin irritation
mild stinging |
|
|
Term
| What can happen if topical hydroquinone and benzoyl peroxide are used together? |
|
Definition
dark staining of skin
due to oxidation of hydroquinone |
|
|
Term
| Which keratolytic agent can cause salicylism and death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can occur in patients allergic to Salicylic acid? |
|
Definition
| Urticaria, anaphylaxis, erythema multiform |
|
|
Term
| What trichogenic agent is related to oral vasodilator? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Trichogenic agent is used for Benign Prostrate Hyperplasia at higher doses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Finasteride? |
|
Definition
| Blocks 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone production |
|
|
Term
| What Antitrichogenic agent is used parenterally to treat protozoal infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Eflornithine? |
|
Definition
| irreversible inhibitor of ODC -> decreased polyamines, nucleic acid synthesis, cell division & differentiation |
|
|
Term
| What topical antibacterial is ototoxic? |
|
Definition
Gentamicin
(also neuro and nephrotoxic) |
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|
