Term
|
Definition
UVA-1=340-400
UVA-2=320-340
UVB=290-320 (sunburns)
the smaller the WL, the greater the energy, greater the penetration |
|
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Term
| descriptions of phototoxic and photoallergic |
|
Definition
•Phototoxic – sunburn, drug induced, and plant (phytophotodermatitis) induced
•Photoallergic – drug induced, chronic actinic dermatitis and solar urticaria |
|
|
Term
| how a drug causes photodermatoses |
|
Definition
a phototoxic effect will cause an effect upon first exposure to the drug without an incubation period (minutes to hours following)
a photoallergic rxn will require sensitization to the drug before that effect will be seen (1-2 days following) |
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Term
|
Definition
caused by plant contact
outside job streak
treat with topical steroids |
|
|
Term
| photoallergic drug-induced activation |
|
Definition
topically applied chemicals may be activated by UVA
it will appear like an allergic dermatitis for months or years
•Caused by sunscreens (PABA), fragrances, antibacterials, antifungals |
|
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Term
|
Definition
•Urticaria with a distinctive pattern of wheals, which occur immediately after exposure to sunlight (within minutes).
•Can occur in response to artificial ultraviolet radiation (tanning beds)
•Disappears within 1 hour.
•Itching, burning and wheal formation
•Some patients can experience an anaphylactic – like reaction.
has been linked to all UV lights and CAN BE, but not GUARANTEED to be treated sucessfully with antihistamines since histamines are usually elevated in these patients |
|
|
Term
| Polymorphous Light Eruption (PMLE) |
|
Definition
chronic photodermatosis by the recurrent flares are ACUTE
a delayed response to UV with many different types of lesions (most common photodermatosis)
usually affects fair-skinned women
usually affects V area of neck and lips
treat with sunscreen, antimalarials, steroids |
|
|
Term
| how to distinguish PMLE from SLE |
|
Definition
| the rashes can look similar so it is important to demonstrate that there are no auto-antibodies on a FANA. this will r/o SLE. |
|
|
Term
what are porphyrias?
i.e. porphyria cutanea tarda |
|
Definition
skin diseases which come as a result of enzyme deficiencies leading to porphyrin accumulation
porphyrins absorb light in the Soret Band (400-410) which is transferred to cell structures and results in damage
uroprophyrinogen decarboxylase is usually responsible for clearing porphyrins so its deficiency causes the prophyria
enzyme usually found in liver so diseases affecting liver cause its loss, oral contraceptives, estrogen therapy, diabetes, hep C |
|
|
Term
| skin presentations of porphyria cutanea tarda? |
|
Definition
| tense bullae that erode and leave blisters, often on dorsum of the hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prolonged sun damage in people over the age of 40
often man and jobs like farmers and sailors
leathery skin, premature aging, wrinkles, cugarette paper skin, red neck
treat with topical steroids or retinoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
circumscribed small brown macules caused by proliferation of melanocytes following a sunburn
common in caucasians and asians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
scales that can be erythromatous on a chronically sun-exposed area
1:1000 becomes SCC
the sun damage can be detected by 5-FU topical chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
| radiation dermatitis can result in? |
|
Definition
reversible changes such as erthema and suppression of sebaceous glands
or
irreversible changes like cancers or chronic changes like scars and hypopigmentation |
|
|
Term
| what might urticarial lesions precede?jf |
|
Definition
| bullous pemphigus. sometimes the urticarial lesions may be the only presenting lesions |
|
|
Term
| difference between a flaccid or tense blister? |
|
Definition
| flaccid usually suggests a superficial process while a tense blister suggests a deeper split in the skin |
|
|
Term
| what is the etiology of a epidermolysis bullosa? |
|
Definition
| there is a mutation in genes for keratin 5 and 14 production which makes the skin very susceptible to trauma injury (from excessive walking or excercising on hands and feel) |
|
|
Term
familial benign pempigus:
hailey-hailey disease |
|
Definition
| oozing blisters, fissures, and cracks on nape of neck, axillae, submammary regions, scrotum, inguinal folds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
autoimmune disease with acantholysis (loss of cell-cell adhesions) caused due to IgG Abs which bind to desmoglein 3
starts orally with vesicles and bullae filled with serous content which ruptures easily
intraepidermal
treat with immunosupressive therapies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
and aquired autoimmune disease characterized by subepidermal blisters
urticarial plaques become pruitic by tense bullae
the autoAbs are against BPAG1 and 2
an IgG sign would show a nice straight fluorescent line along the basement membrane.
light microscopy would show neutrophils lined up Indian-file at the dermal-epidermal jxn |
|
|
Term
| what is dermatitis herpetiformis? |
|
Definition
•IgA deposits noted on skin biopsy
•Subepidermal vesicles
•Associated with celiac disease
•Treat with Dapsone, Sulfapyridine and gluten-free diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation within the pilosebacous glands. the APPOCRINE glands caused by ANDROGEN excess
the inflammation is caued by infiltration of propionibacterium acnes which acts on sebum to break it down into fatty acids
also, stress, medications, and mechanical |
|
|
Term
| difference between an open and closed comedome? |
|
Definition
open is a black head
closed is a while head which is closed and white due to being plugged with keratin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aduld acne without comedomes
chronic and may present with telangectasia
causes:
-wine
-drastic temperature changes
-spicy foods
-hot fluids
adults can get corneal ulcers so these patients may need an ophthalmoloic consult |
|
|
Term
| heirachy of acne treatment: |
|
Definition
topical cream
ABs
accutane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| typical acne treatments, but primary is to AVOID RISK FACTORS |
|
|
Term
what is abscessing of appocrine sweat glands in the axilla and groin area common to?
treatment? |
|
Definition
hidradenitis suppuritiva
-keratin plugs the glands and they get very inflammed as the duct dialates
-can lead to keloid scaring
-all sorts of bacteria can grow in these glands at this stage
treatment:
open and drain the cysts
remove the glands
ABs |
|
|
Term
| periorbital and perioral dermatitis TX |
|
Definition
may look like a contact dermatitis and you want to treat with steroids, but it will only make it worse.
needs ABs |
|
|
Term
| length of hair growth cycles: |
|
Definition
anagen= 3 years, period of growth (90% of hair)
catagen= 2 weeks, period of transition
telogen= 3 months, period of rest-club hairs (10% of hairs along with catagen) |
|
|
Term
| what is telogen effluvium |
|
Definition
loss of the telogen stage hairs (about 10%)
treat with reassurance, likely stress related |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
loss of 90% of hairs that are in the anagen phase
usually due to chemotherapeutic elements
reversible with time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
temporary growth arrest of nails due to stress
treat with reassurance |
|
|
Term
| what is pseudofolliculitis? |
|
Definition
occurs in black men. it is like folliculitis
related to close shaving
treat similar to acne and discontinue close shaving |
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