Term
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Definition
Depressed mood for at least 2 weeks plus at least 5 of the following:
Sleep changes
Aappetite changes
Death and suicidal thoughts
Concentration is effected
Loss of pleasure in activities
Energy loss and tiredness
Guilt and self-blame over real or imaginary events
Slowing down or constant restlessness |
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Term
| unipolar: Reactive and endogenous |
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Definition
unipolar is the most common and severe type of depression.
Reactive - caused by an external factor such as an stressful life event.
endogenous - caused by internal factors from within the person.
PREVALANCE:
in GB 5% lifetime risk of developing unipolar depression
can appear at any age
appears cross culturally.
GENDER DIFFERENCES:
women 2-3 times more likely than men to suffer clinical depression |
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Term
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Definition
depression followed by a manic episode
lasting at least a week.
SYMPTOMS:
increased pleasure in activities
racing ideas and thoughts
increase in goal directed activity.
PREVELANCE: 1% lifetime risk of devveloping this. tends to occur in early 20's
found equally in men and women |
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Term
Biological explanations
Genetics - evidence
Family studies |
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Definition
FAMILY STUDIES
Gershon - depression assessed in 1st degree relatives of patients with both uni and bi polar.rates of illness in these relatives were 2-3 times that in general population
EGELAND: studied the amish community in pennsylvania. Although community had relatively low rate of depression, one family had high livel of bipolar disorder. examination of their genes showed tht 2 marker genes on chromosome 11 appeared to be different |
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Term
| Evaluation of family studies |
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Definition
The fact that depression runs in families e.g. between mother and daughter could be due to being brought up in the same environment or being brought up by a depressed parent.
The gene involved if it exists has not been identified and the finding by egeland has not been replicated. |
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Term
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Definition
findings show gentic factors are involved in boh types of depression.
Allen found that concordance rates for unipolar depression in mz twins was 40% and in DZ 11% and for bipolar disorder MZ 72% and DZ 14%.
however Beirut reported a heritability factorof between 36% and 44% showing that environmental factors played a role. |
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Term
| evaluation of twin studies |
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Definition
| Much of the evidence comes from twin studies in which the twins have not been reared apart so the higher concordance rate could be due to environmental factors. |
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Term
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Definition
able to seperate genetic and environmental factors.
Wenders found that biological relatives of depressives who had been adopted were 8 times more likely to suffer depression than the adoptive relatives. |
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Term
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Definition
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