Term
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Definition
| anything that has mass and takes up space. |
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Definition
| results when matter is altered |
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Term
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Definition
| dense core of atom that contains protons and neutrons. |
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Term
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Definition
| postitively charged molecules that decifers the mass of the atom |
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Definition
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Definition
| negatively charged molecules in outer bands |
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Term
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Definition
-small
-occupies very little space
-most of atom is empty space
would be the football in a football field analogy |
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Term
| what is matter composed of |
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Definition
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Term
| what determines the atomic weight of an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-tiny negatively charged particles
-have little mass 1/1800 of a proton |
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Term
| where do electrons travel? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many shells are can be in atomic structure and what are they? |
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Definition
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Term
| what orbit would be hardest to take electrons from?why? |
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Definition
k
-because it is closest to nucleus |
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Term
| what orbit would be easiest to take electrons from? why? |
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Definition
Q
-it is farthest from nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| helps electrons maintain their orbits between positive nucleus and negative electrons. |
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Term
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Definition
| attraction between negative/positive in atomic structure. |
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Term
| what is strongest binding shell? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is weakest binding shell? |
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Definition
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Term
| how are binding energies measured? |
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Definition
in electron-volts (eV)
or
kilo-electron-volts (keV) |
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Term
| what can knock an electron off its shell |
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Definition
| energy specifically radiation |
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Term
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Definition
when 2 or more atoms join to create molecules.
like water 2 hydrogens share 1 oxygen. |
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Term
| how does an atom become charged? |
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Definition
| when an atom is unbalanced positively or negatively. |
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Term
| if an atom without a completely filled outer shell is unbalanced what do you call this? |
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Definition
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Term
| what can happen in ionization |
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Definition
| an electrically unbalanced atom can try to capture electron from another atom to become balanced. |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom that either loses an outer shell electron or gains an electron so it will become electrically unbalanced. it can be postitive or negative. |
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Term
| if an atom loses an electron and therefore has a greater number of protons what is its charge? |
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Definition
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Term
| if an atom gains an electron and has more electrons what is its charge? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| production of ions (unbalanced atoms postitive or negative) or process of converting an atom into ions (electrically unbalanced atoms) |
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Term
| what happens when electron becomes ejected from its orbit? |
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Definition
| it becomes an unbalanced ion pair. |
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Term
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Definition
| search for atoms close by to try to become balanced, or stable. |
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Term
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Definition
| process where unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration or decay while trying to obtain more balanced nuclear state. |
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Term
| a substance is considered radioactive if: |
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Definition
-gives off energy in particle or ray
-it disintigrates atomic nuclei |
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Term
| what are the 2 types of ionizing radiation? |
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Definition
-particulate radiation
-electromagnetic radiation |
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Term
| in radiography is ionization particulate or electromagnetic? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-tiny particles of matter that have mass and travel in straight lines at high speeds.
-transmit kinetic energy by means of fast moving small masses. |
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Term
-electrons (beta or cathode rays)
-alpha particles from nuclei of heavy metals
-protons from hydrogen nuclei
-neutrons (accelerated particles with mass of 1 and no electrical charge |
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Definition
| 4 types of particulate radiation |
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Term
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Definition
-particulate electrons
-streams of high speed electrons that originate in an x-ray tube head |
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Term
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Definition
particulate electrons
from nucleus of radioactive atoms |
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Term
| electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
-wavelike energy with no mass
-propoagated through space or matter
-oscillates between electric and magnetic fields
-travels in direction of photon |
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Term
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Definition
| energy that comes out of tubehead |
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Term
| is electromagnetic radiation madmade or natural? |
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Definition
| both man made and natural |
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Term
-television
-radio waves
-microwave
-photography
-sun
-dental radiography
-radiation therapy |
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Definition
| types of electromagnetic radiation |
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Term
| what type of radiation (electromagnetic or particulate) is believed to move through space as both particle and wave? |
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Definition
| electromagnetic radiation |
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Term
| what is an example of a big wave? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an example of a small wave? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| if a wave has lots of space between crests it is a big wave |
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Definition
| yes an example is radio waves |
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Term
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Definition
| -bundle of energy with no mass or weight that travels waves at the speed of light and move through space in a straight line carrying energy of electromagnetic radiation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| # of waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time. |
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Term
| what does the energy of electromagnetic radiation depend on? |
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Definition
wavelenght and frequency
(space between waves and speed of waves) |
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Term
| low frequency electromagnetic radiations |
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Definition
| -long wavelength and less energy |
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Term
| high frequency electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
| short wavelength and more energy |
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Term
| what is important to know about ionizing radiation? |
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Definition
| harmful because unstable atom can cause changes at cellular level and damage tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-high energy, ionizing radiaton
-has properties of both waves and particles
-weightless bundles of energy (photons with no electrical charge) |
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Term
| travels in waves at speed of light |
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Definition
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Term
-invisible
-cannot detect with senses
-no mass or weight
-travels at speed of light
-cannot be focused(scatters)
-penetrates liquids, solids, gases
-absorbed by matter
-interacts with materials they penetrate causing ionization |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some characteristics of radiation? |
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Definition
-can cause flourescence(blue or green light) or emit longer wavelength
-produce image on photographic film
-cause biological damage to living cells |
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Term
-control panel
-extension arm
-tubehead |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
metal housing
insulating oil
lead glass housing
cathode
anode
step up transformer
step down transformer
copper stem
tungsten filament
molybdenum
vaccum in glass tube
tungsten target
electron cloud
unleaded window glass
tubehead seal
aluminum disks
lead collimator
pid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| keeps tubehead cool by absorbing heat |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents oil from getting out and allows x-rays to penetrate. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| filters out non penetrating longer wavelength x-rays. |
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Term
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Definition
| restricts size of x-ray beam |
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Term
pid
position indicating device |
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Definition
| lead lined cylinder extends from metal housing of tube aims and shapes x-ray beam |
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Term
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Definition
prevents x-rays from escaping in all directions
has a window where x-ray can exit |
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Term
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Definition
| negative electrode involving the tungsten filament which produces electrons held in the molybdenumcup that focuses the electrons into beam of electron cloud |
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Term
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Definition
| tungsten target takes in electron cloud and converts electrons into photons. uses the copper stem to dissipate heat away from the tungsten target. |
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Term
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Definition
| electrons flow in one direction |
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Term
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Definition
| electrons flow in 2 opposing directions |
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Term
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Definition
conversion of AC to DC
(alternating to direct current) |
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Term
| where does rectification occur? |
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Definition
| in tubehead while x-rays are produced. |
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Term
| can xrays be created if electrons are in alternating current? |
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Definition
| no electrons must be converted by rectification to all go in one direction. |
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