patient breaths too fast eliminating more carbon dioxide than able to produce.

can result in respiratory alkalosis (increase in blood ph)

vasoconstriction of arteries and viens

decrease in cardiac output, also reduced coronary flow creating palpations

decrease in problem solving, coordination, balance

calm patient, position them as they choose, cup hands while breathing, count to 10 

lorazepam may be administered 

children (due to missed meal, crying, heat, dehydration)

pregnant women due to pressure on spinal cord

elderly can stem from other medical conditions

cardiac

 noncardiac

neurocardiac/vasodepressor

seizures

orthostatic hypotension

hyperventilation

metabolic

these are all forms of what type of syncope

noxious stimuli

pain

fear

exhaustion

acute illness

pupil dilation

diaphoresis (cold sweat)

weak

dizzy

yawning

pale 

high bp and HR during syncope

stop dental care, move all instruments away

loosen clothing

administer oxygen 4/5 l per minute

EKG

excercise stress test

blood test

tilt table test

events prior

symptoms

vitals

what treatment was provided

patient response

how long did it last

how long to recover

cardiovascular-pulmonary system fails to deliver oxygenated blood to body

oxygen depletion

body attempts to use anaerobic processes forming acidosis and toxins

first stage

compensatory stage

progressive stage

cells deprived of oxygen

inhibits cells theri ability to produce energy

physiological adaptations to overcome shock

increased respiration to increase oxygen and increase in bp

kidneys decreased blood flow and decreased urine output to preserve liquid in body

compensatory mechanisms fail

if actions to reverse are not initiated, systems and organs fail

hypovolemic

cardiogenic

distributive (vasogenic shock)

obstructive

hypovolemic

-lack of blood volume

includes dehydration, tachycardia, cool skin, reduce urine output, mental confusion

anaphalactic

septic, bacterial infection

neurogenic-loss of sympathetic nerve activity from vasomotor center.

indirect heart pump failure

due to body not able to oxygenate blood.

ems

MI

cardiac arrhythmias

cardiact dysfunction

allergy-epi pen, benadryl, steroids

septic-antibiotics, fluids

neurogenic-spinal cord injury treatment, emotional trauma, drug reactions

clots

arterial stenosis

pulmonary embolism

cardiac tamponade (heart compression due to blood in pericardial sac

trendelenburg feet higher than head

and cover them with blanket

idiopathic 50%

hypoxia

rapid drop in bp

fever

tumor

trauma

perinatal injury

toxins

vascular disorder

primary 65%

secondary  35%

-tonic clonic

-absence or petit mal (blank stare)

-atonic or akinetic (drop attack)

-myoclonic brief involuntary jerks

-febrile seizures

dilantin-gingival overgrowth

phenobarbitol-sleepy

valproic acid-interferes with clotting

lorazepam or valium used to relax muscles

moring

after meal

after taking meds

airway

breathing 

circulation

continous seizure or  repetitive

unconcious

cyanotic

sweating

temp rises

fast heart beat elevated bp

ISCHEMIC

-thrombotic-throw clot

-embolic-traveling clot

HEMMORHAGIC

-large unequally dilated pupils

-confusion

-speech change

cannot smile

cannot raise both arms

symptoms of stroke are short term indicates blood vessel constriction and may last a few minutes to an hour.

it is highly indicative of CVA 

hold out arms palms up for 10 sec with eyes closed

the sky is blue in cincinati (for speech)

check for smile

ems immediately

basic life support ABC's

oxygen if dyspnea or signs of hypoxia

test hypoglycemia

aspirin

CAT scan

occupational therapy

physical therapy

anticoagulant therapy

antihypertensive therapy

altaplase, an thrombolytic agent to remove thrombus or embolus 

10,000$