(1)  List the 6 direct restorative materials

(2)  Amalgam:  List composition in Hi and Low Copper alloys

(3)  Amalgam:  List types of particles  (30-70 microns)

(4)  Amalgam:  Give Hg:alloy ratio

(1)  GI, RMGI, compomers, amalgams, direct gold, composites.

(2)  Hi Copper alloy = 40-70%Ag, 22-30%Sn, 13-30%Cu

Low Copper alloy = 68-70%Ag, 26-27%Sn, 4-5%Cu

(3)  Lathe-cut, Spherical, Admix (lathe + spherical)

(4)  Hg:alloy = 0.9 to 1.0

(1)  Amalgam is essentially completely set and has reached max strength in:

(2)  Increasing Hg:alloy ratio results in:  (

(1)  1 week (7 days) = 4-5x stronger in 1 hour

(2) 

-Comp. strength decreases

-Creep is higher

-Corrosion is higher

-Less dimensional change

-More plastic and easily adapted

(1)  How does low Cu amalgam differ in respect to Creep and Corrosion?

(2)  List two ways to increase contraction in amalgam.

(3)  List three ways to alter amalgam mix plasticity.

(1)  Higher Creep - possible margin fracture?

Higher Corrosion - possible margin fracture?

(2)  Increase trituration time/speed, lower Hg:alloy

(3) 

-more plastic with higher Hg:alloy

-more plastic with larger alloy size

-less plastic with higher trit. time/speed

(1)  Opposite of brittleness

(2)  Amalgam prep:  why are bevels not placed?

(3)  Amalgam prep:  why prep to DEJ?

(4)  Amalgam restoration:  amount of force for condensation.

(5)  Amalgam restoration:  why should very deep grooves be avoided?

(1)  ductility

(2)  Low tensile strength

(3)  Bulk strength

(4)  2lbs for spherical, 6lbs for lathe-cut

(5)  Stress concentrator

(1)  GI powder composition

(2)  GI liquid composition

(3)  GI setting reaction

(1)  -Ca F Al silicate glass

-freeze dried PAA in some

(2)  -Polyacrylic acid (PAA) copolymer

-water (with tartaric acid)

(3)  -acid/base reaction

-released cations from glass cross-link with polymer anions

-cross linked gel network

Glass Ionomer Properties:

(1)  Comp. strength

(2)  Fracture resistance

(3)  Adhesion

(4)  Solubility

(1)  -strength increases with P/L ratio

-strength increases over time

(2)  Fracture resistance - low

(3)  -Chemical bond between COO- in polymer with Ca++ in tooth

-some moisture needed

-conditioner(PAA) - necessary?

(4)  -may wash out over time under acidic attack

Glass Ionomer Properties:

(1)  Curing shrinkage

(2)  Esthetics

(3)  Polishability

(4)  Fluoride release

(5)  Thermal properties

(1)  several percent, but low contraction stress

(2)  -moisture sensitivity

-chalky if wet and cracked if dried during setting

(3)  -larger particles, so poorer than composites and more opaque

(4)  -sustained for years (may be clinically significant)

(5)  Thermal properties similar to tooth

Glass Ionomer:

(1)  When should the restoration be finished?

(2)  What is a major consideration when using sandwich technique with composite?

(1)  Delay finishing (allow time for setting)

(2)  GI as a liner in a sandwich tech should not leave any GI exposed (moisture)

(1)  RMGI:  powder composition

(2)  RMGI:  liquid composition

(3)  RMGI:  setting reaction

(1)  -Ca F Al Sr silicate glass

-freeze dried PAA in some

(2)  -Polyacrylic acid (PAA) copolymer

-HEMA

-water (with tartaric acid)

(3)  -acid/base reaction

-cross linked gel network

-C=C light cure polymerization

-tri-cure type also has dark-cure polymerization

RMGI Properties:

(1)  Comp. strength

(2)  Adhesion

(3)  Solubility

(1)  -strength increases with P/L ratio

-strength increases over time

-strength increases with light curing

(2)  -Chemical bond between COO- in polymer with Ca++ in tooth

-some moisture needed

-primer - similar to liquid - light cure

(3)  -less than GI due to resin component

RMGI Properties:

(1)  Curing shrinkage

(2)  Esthetics

(3)  Polishability

(4)  Fluoride release

(5)  Thermal properties

(1)  -higher than GI due to C=C

(2)  -don't need moisture protection

(3)  -larger fillers so less smooth than composites

(4)  -sustained for years (may be clinically significant)

(5)  Thermal properties - between GI and composite

-dimethacrylate monomers (bis-GMA/TEGDMA/UDMA)

-acidic monomers

-filler (silica or radiopaque glass)

-silane (filler/matrix coupler)

-catalysts (for light or self cure)

-pigments

(1)  Compomer types

(2)  Compomer setting reaction

(1)  -microfill (40nm; 40%)

-hybrid/minifill (40nm + 0.5micron; 50-70%)

-hybrid/midifill (40nm + 1-3microns; 60-70%)

(2)  - C=C polymerization

- (+ delayed acid/base?)

- incomplete conversion

-cross linked polymer network

Compomer Properties:

(1)  strength

(2)  wear resistance

(3)  polymerization stress

(4)  consistency

(1) -increases with filler volume.  typically weaker than hybrid composites

-increases with degree of conversion

(2)  wear resistance depends on fillers, but typically poorer than composites

(3)  polymerization contraction is similar to composites

(4)  flow, stiffness, stickiness like composites

Compomer Properties:

(1)  solubility

(2)  esthetics

(3)  F- release

(4)  thermal properties

(1) -like composites, but higher b/c more hydrophilic

(2)  translucency, opacity, shade like composites

(3)  much lower than GI or RMGI

(4)  similar to composite

-dimethacrylate monomers (bis-GMA/TEGDMA/UDMA)

-acidic monomers

-filler (silica or radiopaque glass)

-silane (filler/matrix coupler)

-catalysts (for light or self cure)

-pigments

(1)  Composite types

(2)  Composite setting reaction

(1)  -nanofill (10-70nm; 50-60%)

-microfill (40nm; 40%)

-hybrid/minifill (40nm + 0.5micron; 50-70%) (microhybrid; nanohybrid)

-hybrid/midifill (40nm + 1-3microns; 60-70%)

-conventional (1-10microns; 65-70%)

(2)  - C=C polymerization and cross linking

- incomplete conversion

-silanated filler C=C --- C=C monomer

-cross linked polymer network

Composite Properties:

(1)  strength

(2)  wear resistance

(3)  polymerization stress

(4)  consistency

(1) -increases with filler volume 

-increases with degree of conversion

(2)  -lowest abrasion and most attrition with smaller particle size

-best with higher Degree of conversion and filler volume

-Similar or higher wear than amalgam

(3)  polymerization contraction - may compromise bond to tooth

(4)  depends on filler level and formulation

Composite Properties:

(1)  solubility

(2)  esthetics

(3)  thermal properties

(4) elastic modulus

(1) -release residual monomer (biocompatibility)

-absorb water (swell/soften)

(2)  translucency, opacity, shade effected by fillers and pigments

(3) -thermal conductivity low.  acts as insulator

-thermal expansion coefficient is 2-5x higher than tooth

(4)  Elastic modulus is same as strength for filler and conversion, but much lower than amalgam.