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Dental Hygiene
n/a
63
Dentistry
Undergraduate 1
12/05/2012

Additional Dentistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Embryology
Definition
Study of Prenatal Development
Term
Preimplantation
Definition
First week (day 1-7), begins with fertilization, zygote undergoes mitosis
Term
Morula
Definition
Ball of cells
Term
Blastocyst
Definition

Hollow ball with 2 layers

Trophoblast = outside, embryoblast = inside

implants in the uterine wall

 

Term
Trophoblast
Definition
cells digest the uterine wall and insert its own into the wall; it gives rise to support tissues
Term
Embryoblast
Definition
gives rise to the embryo
Term
Embryonic period
Definition

2nd to 8th week (day 7-56)

period of rapid growth and differentiation

when differentiation and morphogenesis takes place, the embryo is most susceptible to disturbances at this time

Term
Induction
Definition

When cells move and develop into something (bones, cells, skin muscle celss etc)

action group of one group of cells on another that leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue

Term
Proliferation
Definition
controlled cellular growth and accumulation of byproducts
Term
Apposition
Definition
layered growth of a firm or hard tissue such as cartilage, bone, enamel, dentin, cementum
Term
Differentiation
Definition
Change in embryonic cells to become quite distinct structurally and functionally
Term
Morphogenesis
Definition

development of specific tissues and systems

development of specific tissue structure or differing form due to embryonic cell migration

Term
Maturation
Definition
Attainment of adult function and size due to proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis
Term
Bilaminar disc
Definition

Epiblast and hypoblast layers

suspended between two fluid filled cavities (amniotic cavity)

circular plate of bilayered cell developed from blastocyst

Term
Epiblast layer
Definition

Superior layer in bilaminar disc

composed of high columnar cells

Term
Hypoblast
Definition

Inferior layer in bilaminar disc

composed of small cuboidal cells

Term
Mesenchyme
Definition

Migratory cells that locate in the middle between the epiblast and hypoblast layers

Embryonic connective tissue

develop in the midline of the floor of the pharynx

Term
Ectoderm
Definition

Layer in trilaminar embryonic disc derived from EPIBLAST

Top layer

Term
Mesoderm
Definition

embryonic layer between ectoderm and endoderm

middle layer

Term
endoderm
Definition

layer in trilaminar embryonic disc derived from HYPOBLAST layer

botom layer

Term
Cephalic end
Definition
head of structure
Term
caudal end
Definition
tail end of structure
Term
Oropharyngeal membrane
Definition

membrane at cephalic end

mouth

Term
Cloacal membrane
Definition

Membrane at caudal end

anus

Term
Neural plate
Definition
a band of cells that extend from the cepahlic to the caudal end grows and thickens
Term
Neuroectoderm
Definition
specialized group of cells that differentiates from ectoderm
Term
Neural Groove
Definition
formed when neural plate undergoes groth and thickening, causing it to invaginate
Term
Neural crest cells
Definition
developed from neuroectoderm that migrate from the crests of the neural folds and disperse to the specific sites within the mesenchyme
Term
Somites
Definition
38 paired cuboidal aggregates that develop along the midline of the neural tube
Term
Development of the Face and the Neck
Definition

*4th week brain and heart growing rapidly

*Oropharyngeal (Buccopharyngeal) membrane sandwich inbetween

*Oropharyngeal membrane lines the stomodeum (primitive mouth) and separates the future oral cavity from the future pharynx

Term
Stomodeum
Definition

Primitive mouth

little invagination

Term
Face formation
Definition

Growth is initially more rapid than the lower face

it develops by fusion of tissue

Term
Fronotnasal process
Definition

Bulge of tissue in the most cephalic end of embryo

gives rise to the upper face, nose, primary palate, eyes and internal ear

Term
Neck formation
Definition
develops from the primitive pharynx and the branchial apparatus
Term
Branchial Apparatus
Definition
includes branchial arches, branchial grooves and membranes and pharyngeal pouches
Term
Placodes
Definition
specialized thickened ectoderm taht develop into sense organs
Term
lens placodes
Definition
form the eyes
Term
otic placodes
Definition
form pits that become the inner ear
Term
nasal placodes
Definition
form pits and form the nasal cavity
Term
nasal pits
Definition

are formed when the center of the nasal placodes submerge

they deepen toward the brain

separated from the stomodeum by the oronasal membrane

Term
oronasal membrane
Definition
membrane taht disintegrates leaving nasal and oral cavities in communication
Term
outer nose
Definition
develop from crescent shaped swellings
Term
medial nasal processes
Definition

2 swellings between the nasal pit

grow and fuse to form the middle portion of the nose from the root to philtrum

Term
Lateral nasal processes
Definition

2 swellings on the outer portion of the nasal pits

grow and fuse to form the alae of the nose

Term
Intermaxillary segment
Definition

growth from paired medial nasal processes on inside of stomodeum

involved with forming the nasal septum, anterior portion of the palate and maxillary incisors aka globular processes)

forms from the fusion of the 2 medial nasal processes

Term
Branchial arches (pharyngeal arches)
Definition

6 pairs of U-shaped bars of tissue inferior to the stomodeum

formed by crest cells

covered with ectoderm, lined with endoderm with a core of mesenchyme

bilateral, oriented anterior-posterior they bend to surround and supprt the pharynx

Term
Branchial arch - first 2
Definition
develop greatest and are involved in formation of the face
Term
branchial arch - lower 4
Definition
involved in the formation of the neck
Term
branchial arch - 5th
Definition
rudimentary, absent or included with the 4th
Term
Mandibular processes
Definition
processes of the first branchial arch that fuse at midline to form mandibular arch
Term
First Branchial arch (mandibular)
Definition

formed by the fusion of the 2 mandibular processes in the 4th week

located below the stomodeum

muscles of mastication, suprahyoid muscles, the tongue, and some palatal muscles, trigeminal nerve

Term
Meckel's cartilage
Definition
template for formation of mandible and contributes to formation of middle ear
Term
Maxillary processes
Definition

swelling that develop from the mandibular arch also during the 4th week

bilateral to the stomodeum, swellings grow superior and anterior

fuse with globular processes of the frontonasal process to form the upper lip and is completed during the 6th week

also forms cheeks along wit the zygomatic bones, secondary palate and posterior portion of the maxilla along with the associated teeth and tissues

Term
Cleft Lip
Definition

failure of fusion of the maxillary processes with the globular process of the medial nasal process

failure to fuse can be unilateral or bilateral, incomplete or complete, more common in boys

Term
Reichert's cartilage
Definition
responsible for some bones of the middle ear, part of the temporal bone, and part of hyoid bone
Term
2nd Branchial arch (Hyoid arch)
Definition
arch - muscles of facial expression, suprahyoid muscle, tongue, facial nerve (VII)
Term
Branchial grooves
Definition

between branchial arches

the first one remains becoming the tympanic membrane, others obliterate as the hyoid arch grows inferiorly - results in a smooth neck

Term
1st Pharyngeal pouch
Definition

forms between 1st and 2nd arches

becomes auditory nerve

Term
2nd Paryngeal pouch
Definition
forms palatine tonsils
Term
3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouch
Definition
form the thymus and the parathyroid glands
Term
cysts
Definition

remnants of tissue

a disturbance seen when grooves don't become obliterated

Term
pharynx
Definition

formed from the foregut

lined with endoderm

joins stomodeum and the esophagus

outgrowth forms: larynx, trachea, thyroid gland and ends in the superior portion of the lungs

Term
Foregut
Definition
anterior part of future digestive tract or primitive pharynx that forms oropharynx
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