Term
| Endoderm expresses a differential pattern of growth factors and transcription factors -- anterior? |
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Definition
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Term
| Endoderm expresses a differential pattern of growth factors and transcription factors -- posterior? |
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Definition
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Term
| Endoderm expresses a differential pattern of growth factors and transcription factors -- ventral? |
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Definition
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Term
| Endoderm expresses a differential pattern of growth factors and transcription factors -- dorsal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Origin and transcription factor of Arch 1? |
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Definition
| Midbrain and Rh1/2; Msx, Dlx, Barx |
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Term
| Origin and transcription factor of Arch 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| Origin and transcription factor of Arch 3? |
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Definition
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Term
| Origin and transcription factor of Arch 4/6? |
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Definition
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Term
| Crainial nerve for Pharyngeal Arch 1? |
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Definition
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Term
| Crainial nerve for Pharyngeal Arch 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| Crainial nerve for Pharyngeal Arch 3? |
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Definition
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Term
| Crainial nerve for Pharyngeal Arch 4/6? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral Plate Mesoderm structure from 1st Arch? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral Plate Mesoderm structure from 2nd Arch? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral Plate Mesoderm structure from 3rd Arch? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral Plate Mesoderm structure from 4th Arch? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral Plate Mesoderm structure from 6th Arch? |
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Definition
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Term
Arch 1
Ectodermal Cleft- ?
Endodermal Pouch- ?
Pharyngeal membrane- ? |
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Definition
Cleft - external auditory meatus
Pouch - pharyngotympanic tube (Eustacian)
Membrane - forms the tympanic membrane |
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Term
Arch 2
Ectodermal Cleft- ?
Endodermal Pouch- ? |
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Definition
Cleft - Overgrown by tissue and muscles of 2nd arch
Pouch - forms epithelial lining of palatine tonsils and palatine fossa |
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Term
Arch 4
Ectodermal Cleft- ?
Endodermal Pouch- ? |
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Definition
Cleft - Overgrown by tissue of 2nd arch
Pouch - Dorsal - Superior Parathyroid (chief/ oxyphil cells), Ventral - parafollicular cells (ultimobrancial body) |
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Term
Arch 3
Ectodermal Cleft- ?
Endodermal Pouch- ? |
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Definition
Cleft - overgrown by tissue of 2nd arch
Pouch - Dorsal - inferior parathyroid (chief/ oxyphil cells), Ventral - epithelial reticular cells of thymus. |
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Term
| What are the 3 nerves of General Somatic Afferent (GSA)? |
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Definition
V3 - anterior 2/3
Tympanic branch of IX - posterior 1/3
Internal Laryngeal nerve X - posterior 1/3 |
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Term
| What are the 3 nerves of the Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)? |
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Definition
Chordae Tympani of VII - anterior 2/3
Glossopharyngeal IX - Posterior 1/3
Internal Laryngeal of vagus X - Posterior 1/3 |
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Term
| What nerve innervates all the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue? What is the exception (muscle and nerve)? |
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Definition
| Hypoglossal (XII). Palatoglossus and it's innervated by the Vagus nerve (X). |
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Term
| Where is the point of fusion between the 1st arch and the 3rd arch? |
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Definition
| Sulcus terminalis, the v-shaped depression posterior to circumvallate papillae |
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Term
| What represents the site of origin for the thyroid gland? |
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Definition
| Foramen Cecum (located at the apex of the sulcus terminalis) |
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Term
| Name the 4 cell types, and their function, associated with a taste bud. |
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Definition
Type 1 - Neuroepithelial (taste and chemorecptor)
Type 2 - Supporting cell
Type 3 - Neuroepithelial cell (taste and chemoreceptors)
Type 4 - Basal (regenerative) |
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Term
| Location of mucus in the mouth? |
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Definition
| Palatal region; posterior 1/3 |
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Term
| Location of serous in the mouth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Location of mixed (mucus/serous) in the mouth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Pharyngeal Arch does the thyroid originate? And NC cells migrate into which pouch and differentiate into what cells? |
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Definition
| Thyroid comes from the floor. NC cells migrate into the 4th pouch (ultimobranchial body) and differentiate into parafollicular cells. |
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Term
| Transcription factors expressed by NC/ectomesenchyme - frontonasal ectomesenchyme? |
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Definition
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Term
| Transcription factors expressed by NC/ectomesenchyme - maxillary ectomesenchyme? |
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Definition
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Term
| Transcription factors expressed by NC/ectomesenchyme - Mandibular ectomesenchyme? |
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Definition
| DLX1/2 (Posterior); DLX5/6 (Anterior); MSX |
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Term
| Signaling molecules expressed by ectoderm - frontonasal? |
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Definition
| Pax6 (TF), Shh, FGF8, Retinoic Acid (RA - Vitamen A) |
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Term
| Signaling molecules expressed by ectoderm - Maxillary? |
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Definition
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Term
| Signaling molecules expressed by ectoderm - Mandibular? |
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Definition
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Term
| Proper facial development depends on (2) things: |
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Definition
1) tight regulation of gene expression
2)epithelial-ectomesenchyme interactions |
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Term
| T or F. Signaling molecules may be inhibitory or stimulatory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the ectodermal thickenings and what do they form? |
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Definition
| Sensory placodes, form the sensory organs associated with smell, sight and hearing. |
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Term
| What germ layer and growth factor form incisors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What germ layer and Growth Factor create the TMJ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What main growth factor is associated with the Frontonasal region? Maxillary and Mandibular regions? |
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Definition
| FN = Shh, Max/Mand = Et-1 |
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Term
| Frontal Sinus. Development and Ostia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sphenoid Sinus. Developement and Ostia? |
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Definition
| Postnatal, sphenoethmoidal recess |
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Term
| Ethmoid. Development and Ostia? |
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Definition
| Present at birth. Middle/ superior meatus. |
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Term
| Maxillary sinus. Development and Ostia? |
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Definition
| 3rd Trimester. Middle meatus. |
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Term
| Nasolacrimal duct. Development and Ostia. |
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Definition
| Present at birth. Inferior meatus (inferior concha = maxilla) |
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Term
| What type of cartilage is the nasal septum comprised of? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Roof of the nasal mucosa contains Olfactory muscosa. What is its epithelial type, cell types and give a description of the lamina propria/ submucosa. |
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Definition
Epithelium: PSCC
Cell types: ciliated olfactory (bipolar neurons), supporting cells, and basal cells (regenerative). LP/SM is well vascularized with pure serous (bowman's glands) |
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Term
| The Walls of Cavity/ sinuses of the nasal mucosa contains Respiratory muscosa. What is its epithelial type, cell types and give a description of the lamina propria/ submucosa. |
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Definition
Epithelium: PSCC
Cell types: cliliated columnar, basal cells, goblet cells (mucus producing). LP/SM is well vascularized, pure mucus, and seromucous. |
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Term
| What are the differences btwn the nasal cavity and sinuses? |
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Definition
| The wall of the nasal cavity has 1)thicker muscose 2) increased goblet cells 3) increase in seromucous glands |
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Term
| Explain the 2 major instances with increased retinoic acid as related to Sonic hedge hog. |
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Definition
| RA signals to Shh, which inturn, signals to neural crest cells and the forebrain. In NC, it will cause the ectomesenchyme not to proliferate and fuse. In the forebrain, cause NC cell death, so no signalling. |
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Term
| What are the (3) outcomes of epithelial-ectomesenchyme signalling? |
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Definition
| Proliferation of ectomesen., differentiation of ectomesen., fusion of facial process. |
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Term
| Ectoderm expression of FN, Max, Mand.? (Hint: GF) |
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Definition
FN = Shh, FGF8, RA
Max = BMP, TGF-beta, FGF8
Mand = FGF8, BMP, Et-1 |
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Term
| Ectomesenchyme expression for FN, Max, and Mand? (Hint: TF) |
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Definition
FN = MSX, DLX
Max = DLX1, DLX2
Mand = MSX, DLX1,2,5,6 and BarX |
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Term
| What two structures does the primary palate form from? |
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Definition
| Medial nasal process and the frontonasal region(5th -7th week) |
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Term
| What type of ossification happens during primary palate formation? |
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Definition
| Intramembraneous ossification |
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Term
| What two structures, when fused, make up the complete upper lip? |
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Definition
| Intermaxillary segment and maxillary process. |
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Term
| What is the key signalling molecule in palatal shelf formation? What does it do? What happens if you don't have it? |
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Definition
| TGT-beta. Causes apoptosis. Palatal cleft. |
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Term
| Where does the primary palate come from mainly? |
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Definition
| Developes from the medial nasal process of the frontonasal process. |
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Term
| Where does the secondary palate come from mainly? |
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Definition
| Palatine shelves (nasal septum) |
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Term
| Name the (5) skeletal muscles of the Palate. What nerve innervates? |
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Definition
| Palatopharyngeus (X), Palatoglossus (X), Musculus uvulae (X), Levator veli palatine (V), Tensor veli Palatini (V, also 1st arch) |
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Term
| Name the cartilages that give rise to the malleus and incus. |
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Definition
| malleus = meckel's, incus = palatopterygo-quadrate |
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Term
| What is the fate of Meckle's cartilage? (Anterior, Middle, and Posterior regions) |
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Definition
Anterior - serves as signalling center, eventually dengerates
Middle - Perichondrium forms the sphenomandibular ligament
Posterior - perichondrium forms the anterior ligamnet of malleus |
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Term
| The primary TMJ undergoes what type of ossification, while the secondary TMJ undergoes what type of ossification? |
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Definition
Primary - endochondral ossification
Secondary - intramembranous ossification |
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Term
| Differentiation of the mandible. Signalling molecules of the ectoderm, Ant. ectoderm, Post. ectoderm and ectomesenchyme ant. and post.? |
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Definition
Ectoderm = Et-1
Ant. Ectoderm = BMP
Post. Ectoderm = FGF8
Ectomesenchyme Ant. = DLX5,6
Ectomesenchyme Post. = DLX1,2 |
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Term
| Name the (3) secondary growth cartilages? |
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Definition
| symphyseal cartilage, coronoid cartilage, condylar cartilage (exists until 20yrs.) |
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Term
| Name the parts of Dual Ossification in the mandible. |
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Definition
| Intramem, body and ramus. Endochond, condylar head. |
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