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Dental Histology
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69
Other
Graduate
02/14/2010

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Term
Endoderm expresses a differential pattern of growth factors and transcription factors -- anterior?
Definition
FGF8
Term
Endoderm expresses a differential pattern of growth factors and transcription factors -- posterior?
Definition
BMP4
Term
Endoderm expresses a differential pattern of growth factors and transcription factors -- ventral?
Definition
SHH
Term
Endoderm expresses a differential pattern of growth factors and transcription factors -- dorsal?
Definition
PAX1
Term
Origin and transcription factor of Arch 1?
Definition
Midbrain and Rh1/2; Msx, Dlx, Barx
Term
Origin and transcription factor of Arch 2?
Definition
Rh4; Hoxa2
Term
Origin and transcription factor of Arch 3?
Definition
Rh6; Hoxa3
Term
Origin and transcription factor of Arch 4/6?
Definition
Rh8; Hoxb3, Hoxd3
Term
Crainial nerve for Pharyngeal Arch 1?
Definition
5 - Trigeminal
Term
Crainial nerve for Pharyngeal Arch 2?
Definition
7 - Facial
Term
Crainial nerve for Pharyngeal Arch 3?
Definition
9 - Glossopharyngeal
Term
Crainial nerve for Pharyngeal Arch 4/6?
Definition
12 - Hypoglossal
Term
Lateral Plate Mesoderm structure from 1st Arch?
Definition
Maxillary A
Term
Lateral Plate Mesoderm structure from 2nd Arch?
Definition
Stapedial A
Term
Lateral Plate Mesoderm structure from 3rd Arch?
Definition
Common Carotid A
Term
Lateral Plate Mesoderm structure from 4th Arch?
Definition
Subclavian; aortic arch
Term
Lateral Plate Mesoderm structure from 6th Arch?
Definition
Pulmonary trunk
Term
Arch 1
Ectodermal Cleft- ?
Endodermal Pouch- ?
Pharyngeal membrane- ?
Definition
Cleft - external auditory meatus
Pouch - pharyngotympanic tube (Eustacian)
Membrane - forms the tympanic membrane
Term
Arch 2
Ectodermal Cleft- ?
Endodermal Pouch- ?
Definition
Cleft - Overgrown by tissue and muscles of 2nd arch
Pouch - forms epithelial lining of palatine tonsils and palatine fossa
Term
Arch 4
Ectodermal Cleft- ?
Endodermal Pouch- ?
Definition
Cleft - Overgrown by tissue of 2nd arch
Pouch - Dorsal - Superior Parathyroid (chief/ oxyphil cells), Ventral - parafollicular cells (ultimobrancial body)
Term
Arch 3
Ectodermal Cleft- ?
Endodermal Pouch- ?
Definition
Cleft - overgrown by tissue of 2nd arch
Pouch - Dorsal - inferior parathyroid (chief/ oxyphil cells), Ventral - epithelial reticular cells of thymus.
Term
What are the 3 nerves of General Somatic Afferent (GSA)?
Definition
V3 - anterior 2/3
Tympanic branch of IX - posterior 1/3
Internal Laryngeal nerve X - posterior 1/3
Term
What are the 3 nerves of the Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)?
Definition
Chordae Tympani of VII - anterior 2/3
Glossopharyngeal IX - Posterior 1/3
Internal Laryngeal of vagus X - Posterior 1/3
Term
What nerve innervates all the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue? What is the exception (muscle and nerve)?
Definition
Hypoglossal (XII). Palatoglossus and it's innervated by the Vagus nerve (X).
Term
Where is the point of fusion between the 1st arch and the 3rd arch?
Definition
Sulcus terminalis, the v-shaped depression posterior to circumvallate papillae
Term
What represents the site of origin for the thyroid gland?
Definition
Foramen Cecum (located at the apex of the sulcus terminalis)
Term
Name the 4 cell types, and their function, associated with a taste bud.
Definition
Type 1 - Neuroepithelial (taste and chemorecptor)
Type 2 - Supporting cell
Type 3 - Neuroepithelial cell (taste and chemoreceptors)
Type 4 - Basal (regenerative)
Term
Location of mucus in the mouth?
Definition
Palatal region; posterior 1/3
Term
Location of serous in the mouth?
Definition
Sulcus terminalis
Term
Location of mixed (mucus/serous) in the mouth?
Definition
Anterior tip of tongue
Term
What part of the Pharyngeal Arch does the thyroid originate? And NC cells migrate into which pouch and differentiate into what cells?
Definition
Thyroid comes from the floor. NC cells migrate into the 4th pouch (ultimobranchial body) and differentiate into parafollicular cells.
Term
Transcription factors expressed by NC/ectomesenchyme - frontonasal ectomesenchyme?
Definition
DLX1/2; MSX
Term
Transcription factors expressed by NC/ectomesenchyme - maxillary ectomesenchyme?
Definition
DLX1/2; MSX
Term
Transcription factors expressed by NC/ectomesenchyme - Mandibular ectomesenchyme?
Definition
DLX1/2 (Posterior); DLX5/6 (Anterior); MSX
Term
Signaling molecules expressed by ectoderm - frontonasal?
Definition
Pax6 (TF), Shh, FGF8, Retinoic Acid (RA - Vitamen A)
Term
Signaling molecules expressed by ectoderm - Maxillary?
Definition
FGF8, BMP, TGFb
Term
Signaling molecules expressed by ectoderm - Mandibular?
Definition
FGF8, BMP, Et-1
Term
Proper facial development depends on (2) things:
Definition
1) tight regulation of gene expression
2)epithelial-ectomesenchyme interactions
Term
T or F. Signaling molecules may be inhibitory or stimulatory?
Definition
T
Term
What are the ectodermal thickenings and what do they form?
Definition
Sensory placodes, form the sensory organs associated with smell, sight and hearing.
Term
What germ layer and growth factor form incisors?
Definition
Ectodermal GF, Et-1
Term
What germ layer and Growth Factor create the TMJ?
Definition
FGF8
Term
What main growth factor is associated with the Frontonasal region? Maxillary and Mandibular regions?
Definition
FN = Shh, Max/Mand = Et-1
Term
Frontal Sinus. Development and Ostia?
Definition
Postnatal, middle meatus
Term
Sphenoid Sinus. Developement and Ostia?
Definition
Postnatal, sphenoethmoidal recess
Term
Ethmoid. Development and Ostia?
Definition
Present at birth. Middle/ superior meatus.
Term
Maxillary sinus. Development and Ostia?
Definition
3rd Trimester. Middle meatus.
Term
Nasolacrimal duct. Development and Ostia.
Definition
Present at birth. Inferior meatus (inferior concha = maxilla)
Term
What type of cartilage is the nasal septum comprised of?
Definition
Hyaline
Term
The Roof of the nasal mucosa contains Olfactory muscosa. What is its epithelial type, cell types and give a description of the lamina propria/ submucosa.
Definition
Epithelium: PSCC
Cell types: ciliated olfactory (bipolar neurons), supporting cells, and basal cells (regenerative). LP/SM is well vascularized with pure serous (bowman's glands)
Term
The Walls of Cavity/ sinuses of the nasal mucosa contains Respiratory muscosa. What is its epithelial type, cell types and give a description of the lamina propria/ submucosa.
Definition
Epithelium: PSCC
Cell types: cliliated columnar, basal cells, goblet cells (mucus producing). LP/SM is well vascularized, pure mucus, and seromucous.
Term
What are the differences btwn the nasal cavity and sinuses?
Definition
The wall of the nasal cavity has 1)thicker muscose 2) increased goblet cells 3) increase in seromucous glands
Term
Explain the 2 major instances with increased retinoic acid as related to Sonic hedge hog.
Definition
RA signals to Shh, which inturn, signals to neural crest cells and the forebrain. In NC, it will cause the ectomesenchyme not to proliferate and fuse. In the forebrain, cause NC cell death, so no signalling.
Term
What are the (3) outcomes of epithelial-ectomesenchyme signalling?
Definition
Proliferation of ectomesen., differentiation of ectomesen., fusion of facial process.
Term
Ectoderm expression of FN, Max, Mand.? (Hint: GF)
Definition
FN = Shh, FGF8, RA
Max = BMP, TGF-beta, FGF8
Mand = FGF8, BMP, Et-1
Term
Ectomesenchyme expression for FN, Max, and Mand? (Hint: TF)
Definition
FN = MSX, DLX
Max = DLX1, DLX2
Mand = MSX, DLX1,2,5,6 and BarX
Term
What two structures does the primary palate form from?
Definition
Medial nasal process and the frontonasal region(5th -7th week)
Term
What type of ossification happens during primary palate formation?
Definition
Intramembraneous ossification
Term
What two structures, when fused, make up the complete upper lip?
Definition
Intermaxillary segment and maxillary process.
Term
What is the key signalling molecule in palatal shelf formation? What does it do? What happens if you don't have it?
Definition
TGT-beta. Causes apoptosis. Palatal cleft.
Term
Where does the primary palate come from mainly?
Definition
Developes from the medial nasal process of the frontonasal process.
Term
Where does the secondary palate come from mainly?
Definition
Palatine shelves (nasal septum)
Term
Name the (5) skeletal muscles of the Palate. What nerve innervates?
Definition
Palatopharyngeus (X), Palatoglossus (X), Musculus uvulae (X), Levator veli palatine (V), Tensor veli Palatini (V, also 1st arch)
Term
Name the cartilages that give rise to the malleus and incus.
Definition
malleus = meckel's, incus = palatopterygo-quadrate
Term
What is the fate of Meckle's cartilage? (Anterior, Middle, and Posterior regions)
Definition
Anterior - serves as signalling center, eventually dengerates
Middle - Perichondrium forms the sphenomandibular ligament
Posterior - perichondrium forms the anterior ligamnet of malleus
Term
The primary TMJ undergoes what type of ossification, while the secondary TMJ undergoes what type of ossification?
Definition
Primary - endochondral ossification
Secondary - intramembranous ossification
Term
Differentiation of the mandible. Signalling molecules of the ectoderm, Ant. ectoderm, Post. ectoderm and ectomesenchyme ant. and post.?
Definition
Ectoderm = Et-1
Ant. Ectoderm = BMP
Post. Ectoderm = FGF8
Ectomesenchyme Ant. = DLX5,6
Ectomesenchyme Post. = DLX1,2
Term
Name the (3) secondary growth cartilages?
Definition
symphyseal cartilage, coronoid cartilage, condylar cartilage (exists until 20yrs.)
Term
Name the parts of Dual Ossification in the mandible.
Definition
Intramem, body and ramus. Endochond, condylar head.
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