Lobatae

Three artificial groups

The Red Oaks

• True red, black oaks
• willow, laurel, water
• western live

Red Oaks

Red Oaks

• Spinose teeth or bristle-tipped lobes
• Lobes are pointed
• If unlobed the margin, the margin has spines or bristles
• Acorns mature in 2 growing season
• Inner acorn cup is tomentose
• Summerwood pores are rounded, large, and thick-walled

• Wide cirucular sinuses that extend more than half-way to midrib
• Concentric rings on top of the acorn
• Piedmont areas

• Heteromorphic leaves
• U-shaped base
• Upland
• Leaves are often marcescent

Quercus laevis

turkey oak

Quercus laevis

turkey oak

• Foliage often arranged vertically
• Falcate lobes
• Shaggy cap

Scrubby tree

Thick leathery broadly obovate leaves with very shallow lobes

Used for fuel wood

Quercus marilandica

blackjack oak

Scrubby tree

Thick leathery broadly obovate leaves with very shallow lobes

Used for fuel wood

Bark looks like black cherry bark

Largest of the southern oaks

Found on better drained bottom sites

Usually 5 lobes

Small acorns with thin caps

Common name refers to small "pin-like" branches

Leaves with 7-11 bristled lobes unsually less than half-way to midrib

Wide "ski trails" on bark

Most important tree of the genus

Upland oak on moist, well-drained sites

"cove sites"

Narrow "ski trails"

A bottomland species

Used as oak floors, furniture

Sinuses are often offset

Squared-off sinuses

Bark is not as deeply farrowed as some of the other red oaks

Green tree reservoirs

Aromatic

Moist habitats

Shade tolerant

Burns very hot

Berries used for candles

Often an ornamental

Acorn cup scales are loosely imbricate

Bear paw leaves

Inner bark is bright orange and bitter tasting

Quercus hemisphaerica

laurel oak, Darlington oak

Leaves are leather (coriaceous), semi-persistent often remaining on tree just before new leaves appear

Lower coastal plain species

Quercus incana

bluejack oak

Small, poorly formed tree in sandhill scrub oak communities o coastal plain

Frequently found in longleaf pine or slash pine communities

Found on poor sandy soils

Leaves are elliptical, broadest above the middle; 2-4 inches long; may have some shallow bristle tipped lobes; surface is bluish-green above and white wooly below

Leaves tend to be more membranous than laurel oaks with conspicuous reticulate veins seen when held to light

Found on wetter sites than Q. hemisphaerica, poorly drained flats, wet hammocks, swamp margins

Leaves vary from spatulate, lobed, to rhombic

Foliage varies from promptly deciduous to tardily deciduous, often holding green leaves over winter

Very cosmopolitan-found in many different habitats and associates with many different species

Best growth is on bottomlands

Extensively used in the South as an ornamental

Leaves exhibit heteroblastic change; spatulate shaped mature leaves, irregularly lobed immature leaves

Fringe tree

"Old man's beard"

opposite leaves

showy white flowers

Leaf scar is half moon

Bottomland

Ecologically adaptable

Lanceolate, elliptical leaves

Smiley face leaf scar

Bud sits in the scar

Used to make tool handles and sporting goods

Uplands

Fraxinus profunda

Pumpkin ash

Swamps

swollen base

wider samara

Aggressive invasive

Shade tolerant

Opposite, simple, elliptical leaves

Exfoliating bark

Enlarged petiole base that covers bud

Global cluster of achenes

Dunce shaped buds

Alluvial sites

Butcher block

Large eastern hardwood

Mostly tropical

Economically important

Shade intolerant

bi-tri pinnately compound leaves

Frequently occuring escaped exotic

Monotypic

Horse apple-->multiple drupes

Twigs are frequently armed

Most decay resistant wood in N. America

"bois d'arc" --> bow wood

"Ozark wood carvers"

False terminal bud

Shade tolerant

Polymorphic leaves

Silk tree

Escaped exotic

Stipulate leaves

Monoecious

Inequilateral base

Flowers appear after leaves have dropped

Shoots the seeds

Moist lower slopes of upland forests

Multiple of capsules

Goes all the way down to Central America

Most widespread in southern forest

Forms epicormic branches

Ornamental value

Leaves, twigs, seeds poisonous

Polymorphic leaves

Leaves smell like fruit loops

Pioneer species

Laurel family

Tropical evergreen

Aromatic leaves

What family has....Diaphragmed pith

Stipules enclose bud

Fruit is a follicle or samara

One of the largest eastern hardwoods

Afflack tree

Tulip like flowers

Conelike aggregate of samaras

Silvery bud

Loose textured soil

Found with carniverous plants

Indicator species for upland bog "baygall sites"

Quercus stellata

post oak

Quercus lyrata

overcup oak

No bristle tips

Irregularly spaced sinuses

Acorn cup nearly encloses nut

Poor form with crooked bole and branches

No bristle tips

Rounded margin and apex

Hairless

nobby acorn cup

cove sites

Robinia pseudoacacia

Black locust

Rhododendron canescens

wild azalea

Leaves cluster at the end of twigs

Grey pubescence

Spurge family

Chinese tallow

Ilex decidua

deciduous holly

Leaves are soft--not leather--deciduous

Persistent drupes

Ilex opaca

American holly

Leaves with spines on the margins

Tall trees often only have a spine at the apex

Resistant to salt spray

Found on upland sites

Shade tolerant

Ilex vomitoria

Yaupon

Understory pest in pine stands

Native americans used it to cleanse the soul

5 leaflets sometimes 7

upland

thin twigs

pear shaped nut that splits halfway to base

5 leaflets rarely 7

sweet nut

fastest growing hickory

bark breaks in to long plates curving away from the trunk

Usually 7 leaflets sometimes 5

Oval fruit that splits to base

Carya carolinae-septentrionalis

Southern shagbark hickory

Slender glabrous twigs

Basic pH soils

Carya laciniosa

shellbark hickory

Twigs are orange-brown with prominent lenticles

Leaves- the lower surface is pale yellow-green, velvety pubescent

Largest nut of all hickories

7 or 9 leaflets (rarely 5)

Leaflets are very fragrant

Lower surface pale yellow-green to orange-brown, densely pubescent

Rachis stout, grooved, pubescent

Twigs are stout and pubescent

Tight interlacing bark

Hust of nut splits to base

Upland 

Apocarya

Pecan hickories 

Leaves: 7-13 leaflets

all leaflets similar in size

often falcate in shape

Terminal bud: valvate with 4 to 6 scales often covered with hair

Fruit: husks broadly winged at sutures 

7 to 11 leaflets

slender rachis

Twigs are reddish-brown with orange-brown lenticles; somewhat pubescent

Terminal bud is valvate, sulfur yellow, pubescent

Bitter seed

Bottomland in south 

Valvate terminal bud

9 to 17 leaflets

highly valuable sweet seed

Fastest growing hickory 

Edible often marketed fruit

Stout twigs

Short hairy buds

Chambered pith

Superposed buds

Distinctive leaf scars

Allelopathic-prevents the growth of other plants species near the tree 

Juglans cinerea

butternut 

Streambanks and moist upland sites/coves

Rare throughout range due to canker fungus

Allelopathic

Sapium sebiferum

Chinese tallow 

ornamental

escaped and a major invasive 

Juglandaceae

Walnut family 

monoecious

nut encased in a husk

leaves are often aromatic 

What Genus has...

Trichome morphology and vestiture

Intrinisic variability and interspecific hybridization

Monoecious plants with imperfect flowers

Nut with semiwoody husk

Bundle scars--3 u-shaped clusters

Homogenous pith, somewhat stellate 

What section of the Genus Carya has...

5-7 leaflets, terminal leaflet is the largest

imbricate bud with 6-9 thin scales,

nut case with unwinged husk and sometimes ribbed at sutures 

Arbutus menziesii

Pacific madrone 

Widely distributed throughout Pacific coast

Bark is deciduous during the summer/fall

Flowers- drooping terminal panicles

Fruit is in a cluster of orange-red berry-like drupes 

Infructescence consists of drooping branch covered with small capsules

Often displays orange-red bark within furrows

Ridges often broken into recognizable rectangles

Leaves are folded along the midrib 

What genus...

Is best known for the edible fruits like cranberries and blueberries

Leaves are alternate, short petioles, deciduous or persistent

Fruit is a small round berry, green to red to black

Shrubs to small trees