Term
| muscles are specialized cells that convert this from chemical energy to this type of energy |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle is derived from this embryonic tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle classifications are based on this |
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Definition
| Presence or absence of highly organized arrangement of myofilaments |
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Term
| Striated muscle appearance |
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Definition
| transverse alternating light and dark bands |
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Term
| where is smooth muscle found? |
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Definition
Lining hollow organs
Blood vessels, intestines |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| these cells produce muscle fibers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Elongated Cells-Longer than wide
Arranged parallel
Multinucleated
Abundant mitochondria
Myofilaments: contractile element
Parallel arrays of continuous capillary |
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Term
| red muscle fiber vascularization |
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Definition
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Term
| white muscle fiber innervation |
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Definition
| large nerve fibers with wide diameter |
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Term
| white muscle cell contraction |
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Definition
| faster, stronger contractions but fatigue faster |
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Term
| sarcoplasmic reticulum of white muscle fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| red muscle fiber mitochondria |
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Definition
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Term
| red muscle cell myoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
| white muscle cell enzymes |
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Definition
| rich in oxidative enzymes, phosphorylase, and adenosine triphohsphate |
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Term
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Definition
| rich in oxidative enzymes poor in others |
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Term
| which muscles are red, and which are white, and which are intermediate? |
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Definition
| Gross anatomical muscle contains all 3 in different proportions |
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Term
| what determines if a muscle is red, white of intermediate? |
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Definition
| Innervation determining factor of muscle type |
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Term
| reticular fibers and basal lamina; surrounds each muscle cell |
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Definition
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Term
| collagenous CT; surrounds bundles (fascicles) of muscle fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| dense irregular collagenous CT; surrounds entire muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| contractile elements of the muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| myofillaments are made of this |
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Definition
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Term
| Intermediate filaments that hold myofibrils together |
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Definition
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Term
| this connects actin to sarcolemma |
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Definition
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Term
| this is the contractile unit if the cell |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| this forms along the length of helix |
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Definition
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Term
| this is in the groove of the helix |
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Definition
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Term
| this is attached to tropomyosin |
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Definition
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Term
| this subunit of troponin binds to tropomyosin |
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Definition
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Term
| this subunit of troponin binds the Calcium |
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Definition
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Term
| the binding of calcium to the TnC sub-unit of troponin does this (2) |
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Definition
Induces conformation change in tropomyosin
Unmasks myosin binding site on actin |
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Term
| what does the TnI subunit of troponin do? |
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Definition
Helps the inhibition of myosin binding to actin by keeping tropomyosin in place
Inhibits actin – myosin interaction |
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Term
| Myosin molecules are composed of this |
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Definition
Two identical heavy chains
Two pairs of light chains |
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Term
| Myosin Myofilaments are composed of this many myosin molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| why are the I bands lighter in color? |
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Definition
| they are thin filaments without any overlapping thick filaments |
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Term
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Definition
| they are made of thick and thin filaments overlapping |
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Term
| what is the magor protein of the thick filament? |
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Definition
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Term
| this protein is very large and forms an elastic lattice that anchors the Z-disk to the thick filaments |
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Definition
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Term
| interaction of this with myosin helps to hydrolize the ATP, resulting in contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| this masks the myosin binding site on actin, occupying the groove on the thin filament |
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Definition
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Term
| this inhibits the actin-myosin interaction Helping tropomyosin cover myosin binding site |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| invagination of the sarcolemma among the myofibrils |
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Term
| the T-tubule is found on this plane |
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Definition
| Lie in the plane of the A-I junction in mammalian skeletal muscle |
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Term
| change to I-band when a muscle contracts |
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Definition
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Term
| change to H-band when a muscle contracts |
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Definition
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Term
| change to Z-line when a muscle contracts |
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Definition
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Term
| change to A-band when a muscle contracts |
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Definition
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Term
| what do Ca ions do to troponin once it binds to the TnC subunit? |
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Definition
| Troponin conformation shifts position of tropomyosin deeper into groove unmasking the myosin binding site on the actin |
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Term
| what happens to the ADP when the ATP on the myosin is hydrolized? |
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Definition
| ATP on the S1 subunit of myosin is hydrolyzed but ADP and P group remain attached to the subunit and the complex binds to the active site on actin |
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Term
| this is released to increase the bond strength of actin and myosin binding and a conformation change in the S1 subfragment |
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Definition
| Inorganic phosphate is released, |
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Term
| this initiates the power stroke |
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Definition
| ADP is also released and the thin filament is dragged toward the center of the sarcomere (power stroke) |
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Term
| this causes the release of the bond between actin and myosin |
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Definition
| A new ATP molecules binds to the S1 subfragment |
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Term
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Definition
| T-tubule and 2 adjoining terminal cisternae of the sarcolemae |
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Term
| this is the voltage gated sensor that opens Ca++ channels into the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Since ATP binding is what releases the muscle from firing riga mortis is caused by this |
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Definition
| the absence of ATP causing the myosin heads to bind |
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Term
| when does the actin filament slide back? |
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Definition
| not until after the release of the myosin head |
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Term
| this starts the unmasking process |
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Definition
| Ca++ comes in and starts the unmasking process |
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Term
| what does tyrosin binding to actin do? |
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Definition
| Tyosin binds the actin and the power stroke pulls the actin past it |
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Term
| as the muscle contracts this is the change to the myofilaments |
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Definition
| The myofilaments do not change size, they change their relationship to each other |
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Term
| What is the T-tubule's function? |
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Definition
| facilitates the conduction of waves of depolarization |
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Term
| What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Myomesin and C proteins anchoring the middle |
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Term
| what is the thick filliment surrounded by? |
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Definition
| Exery myosin thick filament is surrounded by a hexagonal arrangement of thin filaments |
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Term
| how do the myosin myofilaments (thick filaments) arrange themselves |
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Definition
| tail to tail with their tails extended outward |
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Term
| this extends outwards from the Z-disks |
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Definition
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Term
| Sarcomeres run from here to here |
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Definition
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Term
| how do myoblasts form muscles |
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Definition
| The myoblasts fuse to form myotubes. Over 100 myoblasts form the tubes- multiple nuclei-The tubes make myofilaments and arrange them in to the muscle fiber |
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