Term
| most CNS cells are this type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are unipolar cells found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unipolar cells structural appearance |
|
Definition
| both ends are axons structurally |
|
|
Term
| unipolar cells functionally |
|
Definition
| even though both ends look the same functionally one end must act as a dentrite |
|
|
Term
| what is the soma's appearance? |
|
Definition
a protein producing cell so it has a Nucleolis, golgi, RER, lots of ribosomes
Microtubules and microfillaments, lysosomes |
|
|
Term
| what do you call RER in nerve cells from the light microscope level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what was the problem with the golgi silver stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lipofuscin bodies pathology |
|
Definition
| probably not pathological |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these are associated with pathology |
|
|
Term
| why are there neurotibrils, neurofilaments and neurotubules in the nerve cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do we think that dentritic spines are involved with memory? |
|
Definition
| They are missing or reduced in people with memory loss problems |
|
|
Term
| The very first part of the axon coming out - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the space where one mylineation stops and another starts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what encircles an unmylineated axon? |
|
Definition
| a single layer of mylin still encircles it but there are no nodes of ranvier |
|
|
Term
| For a nerve to transmit it must have |
|
Definition
1. An intact cell membrane
2. Sourounded by at least one layer of cell membrane from oligodentrocyte or schwann cell |
|
|
Term
| these two nerve cell types are unmylineated |
|
Definition
| pain fibers and grey ramus communicans |
|
|
Term
| how much larger a diameter can mylineated fibers be compared to unmylineated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transmittion from an axon goes in this direction |
|
Definition
| Transmission from axion can go both ways- don't forget retrograde transmission |
|
|
Term
| what are the round profiles at the end of the axon on the slides? |
|
Definition
| axon endings secreting granules at the terminal boutton |
|
|
Term
| what is the postsynaptic density |
|
Definition
| the stuff the dentrites send across. |
|
|
Term
| how do you tell an axon on a slide? |
|
Definition
| If you see the round granules that is the axon period. The dentrite will lack these and be found next to it |
|
|
Term
| what direction are neurotransmitters sent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what speed do anterograde and retrograde transmittion go on the axon |
|
Definition
anterograde- fast
retrograde- slow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
There is no CT in the ectoderm so the astrocytes fill this function
Lack of GFAP is found in pathology |
|
|
Term
| what is the Difference between schwann cells and oligodentrocytes? |
|
Definition
| oligodentrocytes can surround multiple axons while schwann cells can only surround one axon |
|
|
Term
| where do microglial cells originate from? |
|
Definition
| mesoderm that invades the CNS |
|
|
Term
| HIV can invade these CNS cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ependymal cells are found here |
|
Definition
| line the ventricles and spinal canal, may be cilliated |
|
|
Term
| epindymal cells in the hypothalamus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus synapse here |
|
Definition
| they do not synapse, they secrete in to blood vessels in the pars nervousa |
|
|
Term
| schwann cells mylineate cells in this fashion (mylineated cells) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ALS does this to the mylineated cells- |
|
Definition
| demylineates cells, losing motor function voluntary then involuntary |
|
|
Term
| what are the two most common types of synapses? |
|
Definition
| xonal dentritic and axonal somatis are the most common |
|
|
Term
| what will be found within a nerve fascicle? |
|
Definition
| a lot of nerve cells carrying the same type of function- i.e. general somatic sensory |
|
|
Term
| what will the endoneurium's appearance on a slide? |
|
Definition
| you cannot see it- it is too thin and insubstancial |
|
|
Term
| what would you use to stain for mylinated tissue |
|
Definition
| osmium tetroxide- it retains the lipids |
|
|
Term
| what is the appearance of a mylineated axon on an H&E slide? |
|
Definition
| inverted doughnut- dark spot is the axon and the clear circle is the lost mylin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simply place an entire axon on the slide and take a look |
|
|
Term
| what does a sympathetic ganglion cell look like? |
|
Definition
| they are all about the same size and stain the same color |
|
|
Term
| what does a dorsal root ganglion look like |
|
Definition
| varying sizes and stain varying colors |
|
|
Term
| what does the enteric system do? |
|
Definition
| responsible for parastalsys |
|
|
Term
| where do you find meissner's corpuscles, plexi? |
|
Definition
corpuscles- at the border between the dermis and epidermis
plexi- in the gut |
|
|
Term
| where do you find pacinian corpuscles? |
|
Definition
in the dermis or hypodermis
-looks like an onion |
|
|
Term
| ganglion cells in the CT found between 2 layers of muscle in the gut |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where can CNS damage not be repaired? |
|
Definition
| substancia nigra- injection of stem cells can help this heal |
|
|
Term
| astrocyte tissue thickens filling the space the nerve occupied keeping the axon from regenerating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this increases with free radicals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are lipofuscian bodies found |
|
Definition
| clumped together in the cell |
|
|
Term
| where are lewy bodies found |
|
Definition
| in many areas of the brain and may be indicitive of parkinson's |
|
|
Term
| seen as a dark core with a light halo on a slide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are amyloid bodies made of |
|
Definition
| broken down amyloid protein, a natural part of the neuronal environment |
|
|
Term
| what are amyloid bodies made of |
|
Definition
| broken down amyloid protein, a natural part of the neuronal environment |
|
|
Term
| what are amyloid bodies made of |
|
Definition
| broken down amyloid protein, a natural part of the neuronal environment |
|
|
Term
| what are amyloid bodies made of |
|
Definition
| broken down amyloid protein, a natural part of the neuronal environment |
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|
