Term
| Priorities for treatment of delirium and cognitive disorders of the elderly: |
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Definition
-Elimination, correction of underlying cause
-Monitor changes in vital signs, mental status, and behavior |
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Term
| Common causes of delirium/dementia in the elderly |
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Definition
1. Medication
2. Infection
3. Fluid/electrolyte imbalances |
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Term
| Who is more likely to experience pain? |
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Definition
| Older adults, rather than younger adults |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| impaired ability to coordinate movements |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to recognize or identify objects |
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Term
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Definition
Act or process of knowing. Cognition includes every mental process that may be described as an experience of knowing (including perceiving, recognizing, conceiving, and reasoning)
cognitive mental processes |
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Term
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Definition
the power or process of reproducing or recalling what has been learned and retained
short term and long term |
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Term
| Dementia affects two areas: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Sudden, severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function that occur with physical or mental illness.
fluctuates;
disturbance in consciousness
acute changes
reversible |
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Term
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Definition
Dementia is progressive loss of cognitive function, marked by MEMORY problems and COGNITIVE disturbances
Stable course
can slow progression with medication
irreversible |
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Term
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Definition
experience periods of increased confusion and agitation as the sun goes down -- and sometimes through the night; may prevent people with dementia from sleeping well. It may also make them more likely to wander.
This is a common cause of caregiver burnout. |
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Term
| Priorities for Treatment of Delirium/Dementia |
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Definition
1. Elimination or correction of the underlying cause
2. Monitor changes |
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Term
| Biophysical Domain Assessment Methods |
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Definition
CAM Method of Assessment
Assessment of Risk Factors
Physical Assessment |
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Term
| Psychosocial Domain Assessment Methods |
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Definition
MMSE
Perceptual changes
Reaction of family/significant others |
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Term
Elderly report which more often:
somatic symptoms or psychological symptoms? |
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Definition
| Somatic symptoms: these bodily symptoms may mimic or mask psychiatric disorders |
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Term
| How does suicide risk correlate with age? |
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Definition
as a person becomes older, suicide risk increases due to increased use of lethal methods of suicide
esp: white men >65 |
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Term
| 20% of older adults experience specific disorders that are not a part of normal aging. These older adults consist of two groups: |
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Definition
-Longstanding mental health problems
-Free of mental health problems until they are older |
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Term
| Alzheimer's Dementia definition |
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Definition
degenerative, progressive, neuropsychiatric disordder as evidenced by: cognitive impairment, emotional and behavioral changes, and physical and functional decline
50-60% of all dementias |
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Term
| Diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's Dementia |
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Definition
essential: multiple cognitive deficits
one or more of: aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and disturbance of executive functioning |
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Term
| Is Alzheimer's dementia more common in men or women? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are composed of a tangle of regularly ordered fibrillar aggregates called amyloid fibers, a protein fold shared by other peptides such as the prions associated with protein misfolding diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by hyperphosphorylation of a microtubule-associated protein known as tau, causing it to aggregate, or group, in an insoluble form. (These aggregations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein are also referred to as PHF, or "paired helical filaments"). |
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Term
| Dementia is characterized by what features? |
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Definition
| Aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, disturbance of executive functioning, and sexual disinhibition |
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Term
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Definition
| errors in perception of sensory stimuli; the stimulus is a real object in the environment, however it is misinterpreted and often becomes the object of the patient's perceived fear |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| patients are extraordinarily alert: eyes constantly scan the room, difficulty falling asleep, or may be agitated throughout the night |
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Term
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Definition
| irreversible, progressive, and not secondary to any other disorder. Both Alzheimer's and vascular dementias are primary, progressive, and irreversible. |
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Term
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Definition
| result of some other pathological process: i.e. AIDs dementia |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of stories or answers in place of actual memories to maintain self-esteem; not the same as lying, this is unconscious |
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Term
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Definition
| the repetition of phrases or behavior; intensified under stress |
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Term
| Stage 1: AD Minimal to no symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| Stage 2: AD Forgetfulness |
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Definition
| Short term memory memory may be impacted; depression and anxiety are common |
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Term
| Stage 3: AD Mild cognititive decline |
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Definition
interference with role performance; may get lost while driving;
Friends, family or co-workers begin to notice difficulties. During a detailed medical interview, doctors may be able to detect problems in memory or concentration |
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Term
| Stage 4: Mild to Moderate Cognitive decline |
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Definition
depression; denial; confabulation; At this point, a careful medical interview should be able to detect clear-cut symptoms; Forgetfulness of recent events
Impaired ability to perform challenging mental arithmetic — for example, counting backward from 100 by 7s |
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Term
| Stage 5: AD Moderate cognitive decline (early dementia) |
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Definition
loss of memory continues; trouble with ADL's; confused to place and time; Gaps in memory and thinking are noticeable, and individuals begin to need help with day-to-day activities.:Be unable to recall their own address or telephone number or the high school or college from which they graduated
Become confused about where they are or what day it is |
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Term
| Stage 6: AD Moderate to Severe cognitive decline (Middle dementia) |
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Definition
| Disorientation to familiar surroundings; some psychiatric behaviors (agitation, sexualizing, psychosis, wandering); symptoms seem to worsen in the afternoon; Memory continues to worsen, personality changes may take place and individuals need extensive help with daily activities; Experience major personality and behavioral changes |
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Term
| Stage 7: AD Severe cognitive decline (Late dementia) |
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Definition
| unable to recognize loved ones; immobility; dependent on caregivers for all ADL's; individuals lose the ability to respond to their environment, to carry on a conversation and, eventually, to control movement. They may still say words or phrases. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a decline in thinking skills caused by conditions that block or reduce blood flow to the brain, depriving brain cells of vital oxygen and nutrients.changes in thinking skills sometimes occur suddenly following strokes that block major brain blood vessels. Thinking problems also may begin as mild changes that worsen gradually as a result of multiple minor strokes or other conditions that affect smaller blood vessels, leading to cumulative damage. |
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Term
| Is vascular dementia more common in men or women? |
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Definition
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Term
| Priority Care issues with Cognitive decline: |
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Definition
1.) delay cognitive decline
2.) Protect patient from hurting self
3.) PHysical needs |
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Term
| Pharmacological Interventions for Cognitive disorders |
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Definition
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (aricept)
NMDA antagonists (Namenda, used with aricept)
Antipsychotics (haldol)
Antidepressants (good for anxiety)
Mood stabilizers (good for agitation)
Antianxiety
AVOID ANTICHOLINERGIC SIDE EFFECTS (hypotension) |
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