Term
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Definition
| A hydrocarbon that contains a double bond. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
S, P, P, P Orbitals Used
4 Hybrid Orbitals Formed
Tetradhedral Geometry |
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Term
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Definition
S, P, P Orbitals Used
3 Hybrid Orbitals Formed
Flat Triangular Geometry |
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Term
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Definition
S, P Orbitals Used
2 Hybrid Orbitals Formed
Linear Geometry |
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Term
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Definition
| The result of a nucleophile attacking the carbonyl carbon of a carboxylic acid derivative, the weakest bond in the molecule - the carbon-oxygen PI bond - breaks. |
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Term
| Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reaction |
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Definition
| When a nucleophile (Z-) has replaced the substituent (Y-) that was attached to the acyl group in the reactant. |
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Term
| Carboxylic Acid Derivative |
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Definition
Carboxylic Acid that has its OH group replaced.
Acyl Chlorides (Cl),
Esters (OR'), and
Amides (NH2, NHR', and NR'2). |
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Term
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Definition
| An electron-deficient atom or molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| An electron-rich atom or molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| A reaction with water that converts one compound into two compounds. (Lysis is Greek for "breaking down") |
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Term
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Definition
| A reaction with alcohol that converts one compound into two compounds. |
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Term
| Transesterification Reaction |
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Definition
| One ester is converted to another ester. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed or changed in the overall reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids, obtained when fats or oils are hydrolyzed under basic conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The hydrolysis of an ester in a basic solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unbranched, long-chain carboxylic acids obtained from fats. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large, spherical clusters of long-chain carboxylate ions. |
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Term
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Definition
Salts of benzenesulfonic acids, developed as "synthetic soap" to avoid aggregates forming in high concentrations of calcium and magnesium.
In other words, so it doesn't form soap scum in hard water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Preparation of an ester by reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compounds that contain a C=-N Functional group. |
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Term
| Class I Carbonyl Compound |
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Definition
| Compounds which have a group that can be replaced by a nucleophile. |
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Term
| Class II Carbonyl Compound |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A compound in which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to a hydrogen and to an alkyl (or aryl) group. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound in which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to two alkyl (or aryl) groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| The result of adding a ketone or an aldehyde to a nucleophile. |
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Term
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Definition
| The addition of hydrogen to an organic compound. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound with a carbon-nitrogen double bond. |
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