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| Most of what we know is matter of agreement and belief; little is based on personal experience |
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| Valuing of observation-based evidence |
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| you know things through direct experience |
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| Duplicating a study to see if the same evidence and conclusions are produced |
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| When we look for patterns among specific things we observe around us, often assume that a few similar events are evidence of a general pattern; greatest when pressure is high |
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| When you are tempted to pay attention to future events and situations that correspond with the pattern; you will most likely ignore those that don't correspond |
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| Ex-Post Facto Hypothesizing |
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| Testing your hypothesis about the programs effectiveness in new ways among a broader spectrum of people |
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| Someone attacks a particular position by distorting it in a way that makes it easier to attack |
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| Tries to discredit the person making an argument rather than addressing the argument itself |
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| Think for themselves; consider whether beliefs are based on sound evidence and knowledge, think open-mindedly, be willing to test their own beliefs, and formulate appropriate questions |
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| Using the best scientific evidence available in deciding how to intervene with individuals, families, groups, or communities |
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| medical professionals use the best evidence available in making clinical decisions about the medical care of individual patients |
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| rely on the results of evidence based searches that others have done; very feasible; disadvantage is relying on authority of those experts |
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| search the literature looing for any and all sources that provide evidence pertaining to the practice question you formulated; time consuming |
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| pools the statistical results across studies of particular interventions and generates conclusions about which interventions have the strongest impacts on treatment outcome as indicated by statistics |
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| Randomized Clinical Trial |
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| Experiments that use random means to assign clients who share similar problems or diagnoses into group that receive different interventions |
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| an experiment that lacks random assignment of subjects |
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| Single-Case Evaluation/Experiments |
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| a time-series design used to evaluate the impact of an intervention or a policy change on individual cases or systems |
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| in experiments, groups of participants who do not receive the intervention being evaluated |
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