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definitions 7.1
"BC Science 10" 7.1 Atomic Theory, Isotopes and Radioactive Decay
13
Chemistry
10th Grade
04/27/2013

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Term
Radioactivity
Definition
The release of high-energy particles and rays of energy from a substance as a result of changes in the nuclei of its atoms.
Term
natural background radiation
Definition
The stream of high-energy, fast-moving particles or waves that is found in our environment.
Term
Radiation
Definition
High-energy rays and particles emitted by radioactive sources.
Term
light
Definition
One form of radiation that is visible to humans.
Term
Isotopes
Definition
Different atoms of a particular element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Term
Mass number =
Definition
protons + neutrons
Term
Radioactive Decay
Definition
The process in which unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation.
Term
Alpha Particles
Definition


 

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a Helium atom

Term
Beta Particles
Definition

[image]   or   [image]

 

an electron

Term
Gamma radiation
Definition

[image]

 

rays of high-energy

Term
Alpha Decay
Definition
The emission of an alpha particle from a nucleus.
Term
Beta Decay
Definition
A neutron changes into a proton and an electron. The proton remains in the nucleus, the electron shoots out from the nucleus.
Term
Gamma Decay
Definition
A redistribution of energy within the nucleus. A high-energy gamma ray is given off as the isotope falls from a high-energy state to a lower energy state.
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