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definitions 10.2
"BC Science 10" Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
39
Science
10th Grade
04/27/2013

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Term
Atmosphere
Definition
Layers of gases that extend above a planet's surface.
Term
The five layers of the atmosphere
Definition

troposphere

stratosphere

mesosphere

thermosphere

exosphere

Term
Troposphere
Definition

* 1st layer of the atmosphere

* Where weather takes place

Term
Stratosphere
Definition

* 2nd layer of the atmosphere

* Where airplanes fly

Term
Mesosphere
Definition

* 3rd layer of the atmosphere

* Where shooting stars happen`

Term
Thermosphere
Definition

* 4th layer of the atmosphere

* Where Northern Lights happen

Term
Exosphere
Definition

* 5th layer of the atmosphere

* Not well defined

* It merges with outer space          

Term
Insolation
Definition
The amount of solar radiation that reaches a certain area.
Term
Angle of incidence
Definition
The angle between a ray reaching a surface and a line perpendicular to that surface.
Term
Radiation Budget
Definition
That which keeps Earth's, incoming and ougoing energy in balance.
Term
Albedo
Definition
The amount of radiation reflected by a surface.
Term
Weather
Definition
The condition of the atmosphere in a specific place and at a specific time.
Term
Pressure
Definition
The amount of force per unit area.
Term
Atmospheric Pressure
Definition
The pressure exerted by the mass of air above any point on Earth's surface.
Term
Barometer
Definition
An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.
Term
Humidity
Definition
A measurement that describes the amount of water vapour in air.
Term
Specific Humidity
Definition
The total amount of water vapour in the air.
Term
Dew Point
Definition

The temperature at which water vapour condenses.

The temperature of air where the specific humidity equals the capacity of air to hold water.

Term
Relative Humitity
Definition
A comparison of the amount of water vapour in the air with the amount the air could hold if it were totally saturated.
Term
Wind
Definition
The movement of air from an are of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.
Term
Air Mass
Definition
A parcel of air with similar temperature and humidity throughout.
Term
kilopascals (kPa)
Definition
1000 Pa
Term
Pascal
Definition

Used to measure the vertical force per unit area.

A force of one newton per square meter, 1 N/m2.

Term
Prevailing Winds
Definition
Winds that are typical for a certain region.
Term
Sea Breezes
Definition
Local winds that are caused by the different rates at which land and water respond to heating and cooling.
Term
Onshore Breeze
Definition
Clockwise movement of the air during the late morning along coastal regions.
Term
Offshore Breeze
Definition
Counter-clockwise movement of air at night along coastal regions.
Term
Coriolis Effect
Definition
A change in the direction of moving air, water, or objects due to Earth's rotation.
Term
Front
Definition
A mass of air which affects the weather in different regions.
Term
Thunderstorms
Definition
Produce lighning, thunder, strong winds, and hail or rain.
Term
Tornado
Definition
A violent, funnel-shaped column of rotating air that touches the ground.
Term
Cylones, typhoons, hurricanes
Definition

1. Warm ocean water and winds lift mist air high into the atmosphere.

2. Clowds form.

3. As the warm air rises, more air more air rushes in.

5. The Coriolis effect rotates the air.

Term
High Pressure System
Definition
Dense, cold air pushes downward toward the Earth. Earth's rotation causes wind to flow in a clockwise motion.
Term
Low Pressure System
Definition
Warm air rises upward at the Earth's surface. Earth's rotation causes wind to flow in a counterclockwise motion.
Term
An approaching front
Definition
Change in the weather
Term
Cold front
Definition

Cooler temperatures

Dry weather

Term
Warm front
Definition

Warmer temperatures

Precipitation

Term
Stationary front
Definition
The front does not move
Term
Occluded front
Definition

Cold air overtakes cool air

The temperature is slightly colder

Precipitation

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