Term
| Cells detect foreign invaders called |
|
Definition
| Pathogens, and Microorganisms that can cause disease |
|
|
Term
| How does body defend against invasion? |
|
Definition
| external and internal defenses |
|
|
Term
| External defenses protect by using |
|
Definition
| physical and chemical barriers |
|
|
Term
| Internal defenses protect by using |
|
Definition
| innate and adaptive immunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phagocytosis and inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity |
|
|
Term
| What are physical barriers? |
|
Definition
| Linings of lungs and digestive systems, and outer layer of skin |
|
|
Term
| What are chemical barriers? |
|
Definition
| Ters- washing action and enzymes, salivia- fuids and dnzymes, stomach- acids and enzymes |
|
|
Term
| Phagocytic cells and natural killer cells (innate) |
|
Definition
| destroy invading microbes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injest microbes by phagocytosis, consuming bacteria and foreign substances that penetrate the membranes of the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue damage w or w/o pathogens, damaged cells release chemicals called histamines and prostaglandina |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of inflammatory response |
|
Definition
| Reddening: increased blood flow, Swelling: leaky capillaries, Heat: increased metabolism and phagocytosis, Pain: pressure or damage to nerve endings |
|
|
Term
| How does a fever help against harmful bacteria? |
|
Definition
| It slows microbial reproduction and increases body's defenses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of cells and molecules dispersed throughout the body. Includes blood cells called lymphocytes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins called antibodies and cytokines, which help destroy microbes. |
|
|
Term
| Which is faster- innate immunity or adaptive immunity defense? why? |
|
Definition
| Innate immunity is quicker, but adaptive will carry memory of encounter. The next time it is invaded, the invader will be destroyed so quickly we might not have any symptoms. |
|
|
Term
| Where do immune cells originate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B cells and T cells- which originate in bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| How do B and T cells bring about immune response? |
|
Definition
| 1. recognize invader, 2. launch attack, 3. retentions of memory of invader for future protection |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of attack the immune system launches? |
|
Definition
| Hummoral and cell-mediated immunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B cells and the antivodies they secrete attack invaders before they enter body cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T-cells attack invaders after they have entered body cells |
|
|
Term
| Cell-mediated immunity is produced by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytotoxic T cells defend against |
|
Definition
| cancerous cells or cells invaded by viruses |
|
|
Term
| Both hummoral and cell-mediated immunity are enhanced by helper T cells. What are helper T cells? |
|
Definition
| They bear receptors that bind to antigens, either on the surfaces of infected cells or of macrophages that have engulfed and digested invading microbes. |
|
|
Term
| HIV causes AIDS. What affect does AIDS have on the immune system? |
|
Definition
| kills off helper T cells, leading to an ineffective defense against many diseases. |
|
|
Term
| How does Medical care assist the immune response? |
|
Definition
| Antibiotics- which slow down microbial reproduction. and vaccinations- which stimulate the development of memory cells by injecting the dead disease. |
|
|
