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Heeelp.
201
Biology
10th Grade
12/14/2010

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Term
Algal blooms can occur in a body of water with excess amounts of:
Definition
phosphates
Term
New oceanic crust is formed at convergent plate boundaries. T/F
Definition
False
Term
In the carbon cycle, both terrestrial and aquatic organisms exchange ___ with the atmosphere.
Definition
carbon dioxide
Term
Which of the following activities removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
Definition
photosynthesis
Term
Plants cannot directly incorporate nitrogen (N2) into organic compounds. They depend on ___ to make nitrogen available to them.
Definition
bacteria
Term
___ flows through an ecosystem and does not cycle.
Definition
energy
Term
Two main carbon "sinks" are:
Definition
oceans and trees
Term
The phosphorus cycle differs from the nitrogen, carbon, and water cycles because phosphorus:
Definition
does not enter the atmosphere
Term
___ cycle through ecosystems.
Definition
Inorganic chemicals
Term
Ozone shield destruction is primarily caused by:
Definition
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Term
Which of the following is a thermal inversion?
Definition
cool air is trapped at the surface, where pollutants can accumulate
Term
Scientists are concerned that an increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing global:
Definition
warming
Term
the study of how living things interact with each other and with their physical environment
Definition
Ecology
Term
the study of factors that affect growth, stability, and decline of populations.
Definition
population dynamics
Term
shows how an entire population breaks down into different age groups
Definition
age structure
Term
the biological role played by a species in its environment
Definition
niche
Term
a niche overlap
Definition
competition
Term
occurs when one organism kills and consumes another
Definition
predation
Term
has come to mean all species interactions except for predation and competition
Definition
symbiosis
Term
the smallest population size that can avoid extinction
Definition
minimum viable population (MVP)
Term
the total area occupied by a species
Definition
Geographic range
Term
Which of the following population growth curves would be expected when a limiting factor is present?
Definition
S-shaped curve
Term
When prey populations are reduced, some predators may switch to an alternate food source.
Definition
true
Term
An organism's energy, nutrient and survival requirements are aspects of its:
Definition
niche
Term
___ happens when organisms vie for the same resources such as food, living space or mates.
Definition
Competition
Term
The human growth curve is ___-shaped.
Definition
J
Term
___ happens when one organism feeds upon another.
Definition
Predation
Term
What is the name for a group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographic area?
Definition
Population
Term
All species populations are uniformly distributed across their ranges.
Definition
false
Term
What is the study of factors that affect growth, stability, and decline of populations?
Definition
Population dynamics
Term
At the time that a population's growth curve begins to rise dramatically, that population is demonstrating its ___ potential.
Definition
exponential
Term
The loss of one population can cause the extinction of another population that depends on the first population for food. This is an example of:
Definition
secondary extinction
Term
The population size that can be maintained over the long term is called the:
Definition
carrying capacity
Term
In which biological interaction does the presence of one species inhibit the growth of another while being itself unaffected?
Definition
amensalism
Term
The smallest population size that can avoid extinction is called:
Definition
minimum viable population
Term
the set of all populations in a certain area
Definition
community
Term
community plus its physical environment
Definition
ecosystem
Term
a large-scale category containing many communities of a similar nature
Definition
biome
Term
The set of all populations inhabiting a certain area is called a(n):
Definition
community
Term
The main difference between a tropical rainforest and a savanna is in:
Definition
amount of precipitation
Term
In a typical community, one or a few species tend to be much more abundant than the rest.
Definition
true
Term
Which of the following events could lead to primary succession?
Definition
a lava flow covers the landscape
Term
The biosphere is divided into eight large biogeographical units known as:
Definition
biomes
Term
Trophic level refers to an organism's:
Definition
position within a food web
Term
The part of the marine biome that contains the ocean floor is called the:
Definition
benthic zone
Term
___ are microscopic organisms that float in the water.
Definition
plankton
Term
Approximately what percentage of energy is transferred from one level of an energy pyramid to the next higher level?
Definition
10%
Term
_____ is an overabundance of nutrients that leads to excessive plant growth and reduction of oxygen in an ecosystem.
Definition
eutrophication
Term
The _________ is the population size that can be maintained given a certain number of limiting factors:
Definition
carrying capacity
Term
Greenhouse gases include which of these?
Definition
All of the above (carbon dioxide, methane, oxide nitrate..?)
Term
Every ecosystem carries out the basic processes of:
Definition
energy flow and matter cycling
Term
Hydrothermal vent communities lack photosynthetic organisms at the base of the food web.
Definition
true
Term
Predators rarely kill and eat all available prey because:
Definition
predator species often will switch its prey as one prey species becomes less abundant
Term
If nothing is done to control the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, global temperature is expected to:
Definition
rise
Term
Increases in greenhouse gases cause increases in global temperature because these gases are able to trap heat reradiated from Earth's surface.
Definition
true
Term
Phosphate ions are primarily made available to organisms through:
Definition
weathering of rocks
Term
An organism's position within a food web is known as its:
Definition
trophic level
Term
Given enough time, all water eventually returns to the:
Definition
oceans
Term
The rigid, outer layer of Earth is referred to as the asthenosphere.
Definition
false
Term
Tropical zones are characterized by:
Definition
warm, rising air
Term
In a lake, the epilimnion is the:
Definition
upper surface layer
Term
Which of the following describes organisms in a pelagic zone?
Definition
plankton floating near the ocean surface
Term
Groundwater located in permeable layers of rock is a/an:
Definition
aquifer
Term
Oceans are a reservoir for carbon stored as:
Definition
calcium carbonate shells
Term
In commensalism, one species benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed.
Definition
true
Term
___ is a scientific discipline that develops practical approaches to prevent extinction of species and destruction of ecosystems.
Definition
Conservation Biology
Term
Which of these biomes receives the greatest amount of yearly rainfall?
Definition
tropical forests
Term
Which of the following population growth curves would be expected when no limiting factor is present?
Definition
J-shaped curve
Term
___ deposition can cause dead or dying lakes and forests.
Definition
Acid
Term
Oxygen and nitrogen gases comprise ___ % of the atmosphere by volume.
Definition
99
Term
The study of how organisms interact with their environment and with other organisms is called:
Definition
Ecology
Term
The biological role played by a species in its environment is called a:
Definition
niche
Term
Uniformitarianism was first developed by:
Definition
James Hutton
Term
The Earth is only 10,000 years old.
Definition
false
Term
Relative age is used to determine:
Definition
the sequential order of events, but not their age in years
Term
Fossils played no role in developing the geological time scale.
Definition
false
Term
Earth formed during the:
Definition
Archean Eon
Term
The scientist who suggested using radioactive decay to age-date the Earth was:
Definition
Rutherford
Term
The shortest-duration units of the geologic time scale are:
Definition
epochs
Term
The longest-duration units of the geologic time scale are:
Definition
eons
Term
The amount of time it takes for half of the radioisotopes in a sample to decay into their stable end products is called:
Definition
half-life
Term
Principle of Superposition was an important early contribution to the field of geology. It was written by:
Definition
Nicholas Steno
Term
Animal cells lack:
Definition
cell walls
Term
Which scientist introduced the domain as a taxon?
Definition
Woese
Term
____________ is the amount of time needed for one half of the initial number of nuclei of a particular isotope to decay into stable daughter nuclei.
Definition
half-life
Term
Which scientist developed the Theory of Uniformitarianism?
Definition
Hutton
Term
The Phanerozoic Eon has been divided into three eras. Which of the following is NOT one of those three eras?
Definition
Cretaceous
Term
________ is the oldest domain.
Definition
bacteria
Term
___________ are an extinct group of arthropods that were dominant during the Cambrian Period.
Definition
trilobites
Term
Presumed animal fossils first appeared during the:
Definition
Vendian
Term
The ______________ is the most accepted explanation as to how the Universe formed.
Definition
The Big Bang Theory
Term
Linnaeus' smallest category in his classificaiton system was the:
Definition
species
Term
Which scientist proposed that mitochondria and chloroplasts started out as prokaryotes?
Definition
Margulis
Term
Which scientist formed the continental drift hypothesis that formed a foundation of the modern theory of plate tectonics?
Definition
Wegener
Term
Bacteria have which of these structures in common with eukaryotes?
Definition
ribosomes
Term
Individual strands of the fungal body are known as:
Definition
hyphae
Term
At the beginning of the Paleozoic Era, there was a sudden appearance of a vast array of animal life. This is known as the:
Definition
Cambrian Explosion
Term
Vascular plants have ___, specialized cells that help support the plant, as well as transport water and nutrients upward from their roots.
Definition
xylem
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true of protists?
Definition
Protists can be prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
Term
The oldest eukaryotic fossils are from the:
Definition
Proterozoic Eon
Term
Which of these plant groups may include the ancestors of plants?
Definition
green algae
Term
The first great antibiotic was:
Definition
penicillin
Term
Animals are motile because they have:
Definition
nerve and muscle fibers
Term
The ___________ occurred when rising levels of oxygen in the oceans caused iron metal to react forming iron oxide.
Definition
Great Iron Crisis
Term
Which type of virus incorporates itself into the host's DNA so that it's DNA is replicated when the cell replicates?
Definition
Lysogenic
Term
Which of the following is not a type of plant tissue?
Definition
ventral
Term
Which of these is a nonvascular plant?
Definition
moss
Term
Plant fiber is which type of cell?
Definition
sclerenchyma
Term
Xylem is a type of plant cell that moves material from the roots to the leaves.
Definition
true
Term
Which of these organs did the earliest plants have?
Definition
stem
Term
Monocots and dicots are both members of which plant group?
Definition
angiosperms
Term
Reproductive structures of a plant are always produced by the plant's leaves.
Definition
false
Term
Which of these is a non-seed vascular plant?
Definition
fern
Term
Which of the following flower tissues is sterile?
Definition
sepal
Term
When we eat asparagus we are eating the ___ of the plant.
Definition
stem
Term
Which of the following is part of the male reproductive structures on a flower?
Definition
anther
Term
A plant that has flowers containing both sexes is said to be:
Definition
monoecious
Term
Which of the following is NOT part of the female reproductive structures on a flower?
Definition
anther
Term
Which of these is NOT a recognized class of plant hormone?
Definition
florigens
Term
The first plant hormone to be discovered was a type of:
Definition
auxin
Term
Bacterial root infections by Rhizobium should be cured immediately.
Definition
false
Term
The region of the primary plant stem in which mitosis occurs and which leads to stem elongation is the:
Definition
meristem
Term
Which of these plant hormones is associated with "silly rice disease"?
Definition
gibberellins
Term
The reason that plants curve toward light is:
Definition
auxin moves to the dark side of the plant and causes those cells to elongate more than corresponding cells on the light side of the plant
Term
The phosphorus taken in by plant roots will be used by the plant to:
Definition
all of these
Term
The case of a plant having nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its roots is an example of:
Definition
mutualism
Term
Water loss from the ___ of a plant creates a pull on water within the ___, causing water to be drawn upward in the plant.
Definition
leaves, xylem
Term
Thin-walled extensions of the root epidermis that increase the surface area for absorption are called:
Definition
root hairs
Term
Which of the following cells is found in the xylem tissue?
Definition
tracheid
Term
A chemical produced in one part of a multicellular organism that will have effects elsewhere within that creature is a(n):
Definition
hormone
Term
Which of these plant hormones is associated with the spoilage of a bushel of apples?
Definition
ethylene
Term
The evaporation of water in plants to the atmosphere is called:
Definition
transpiration
Term
Plants obtain their organic nutrients (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) by:
Definition
photosynthesis
Term
Which of these is NOT a typical component of soil?
Definition
iron nails
Term
Movement of sugar and water occurs in the ___ of the phloem.
Definition
sieve cells
Term
Fungi growing in association with the root that greatly increase the surface area for absorption are called:
Definition
mycorrhizae
Term
The part of the stem where flowers are attached is called the receptacle.
Definition
true
Term
Plant fiber is a type of collenchyma cell.
Definition
false
Term
Which of the following flower tissues is reproductive?
Definition
carpel
Term
The ___ retains its nucleus and controls the translocation of sugar.
Definition
companion cell
Term
An embryonic shoot in an arrested state of development is a:
Definition
bud
Term
Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?
Definition
toxin removal
Term
Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue?
Definition
epithelial tissue
Term
Transmission of a nerve message WITHIN a neuron is __________ in nature.
Definition
electrical
Term
Chemical signals travel from a neuron to a receiving cell by crossing the:
Definition
synapse
Term
Blood pressure, urine volume, and other body fluids are regulated by which organ system?
Definition
Excretory
Term
A negative feedback loop works by turning off the stimulus that initiated the feedback loop.
Definition
true
Term
Transmission of the nerve message BETWEEN neurons is electrical in nature.
Definition
false
Term
Viruses are composed of two parts - genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. They cannot make their own ATP, replicate their own genetic material, or make their own proteins. According to the characteristics of life, are viruses actually alive?
Definition
no
Term
Internal organs like the stomach can move and contract due to the presence of at least one layer of ________ muscle in the organ wall.
Definition
smooth
Term
Blood pH level is maintained by the respiratory system.
Definition
true
Term
Which type of muscle is controlled voluntarily?
Definition
skeletal
Term
The small, raised features on the surface of the tongue are called:
Definition
papillae
Term
Cones detect:
Definition
color
Term
Which of the following types of organisms has a three-chambered heart?
Definition
amphibian
Term
Red and white blood cells are made in the:
Definition
bone marrow
Term
The hereditary disease in which clotting does not occur is known as:
Definition
hemophilia
Term
The most commonly contracted type of skin cancer is:
Definition
basal cell carcinoma
Term
Rods detect:
Definition
low light levels
Term
The ___ are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
Definition
veins
Term
Which of these is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
Definition
transport of heat within the body
Term
The ___ are thin-walled blood vessels that exchange materials through their walls.
Definition
capillaries
Term
Proteins of the complement system work against:
Definition
microbe
Term
Which of the following organs functions to absorb water and salts and store non-digestible material?
Definition
large intestine
Term
Which of these blood cell types plays a role in the immune response?
Definition
lymphocytes
Term
Antibodies belong to which class of organic macromolecules?
Definition
proteins
Term
Antibodies are produced in response to:
Definition
antigens
Term
Which of the following organs contains villi?
Definition
small intestine
Term
Which of the following is NOT a hormone that regulates stages of digestion?
Definition
auxin
Term
Antibodies are produced by the:
Definition
B cells
Term
Lipases break down:
Definition
fats
Term
Which of the following parts of a diet generate the greatest energy yield:
Definition
lipids
Term
A dendrite conducts nerve impulses ___ the cell body.
Definition
toward
Term
Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?
Definition
sweat gland
Term
Which of the following is an example of a partly moveable joint?
Definition
vertebrae
Term
Which of the following are the components of a neuron?
Definition
dendrite, axon, and cell body
Term
A moth sex attractant would be a:
Definition
pheromone
Term
Due to the need to both extend and flex at a joint, skeletal muscles generally work in:
Definition
antagonistic pairs
Term
The somatic nervous system contains nerves that control:
Definition
skeletal muscles
Term
An animal with a(n) _________ has its muscles attached to the inner surface of its skeleton.
Definition
exoskeleton
Term
Which of these is NOT a part of the appendicular skeleton?
Definition
vertebrae
Term
Each bronchiole terminates in a collection of tiny grape-like sacs called:
Definition
alveoli
Term
The vocal cords are two bands of tissue that extend across the opening of the:
Definition
larynx
Term
Fertilization normally occurs in the:
Definition
oviduct
Term
The testes are located inside the:
Definition
scrotum
Term
The main function of the excretory system is to rid the body of:
Definition
metabolic wastes
Term
Which is NOT part of the urinary system?
Definition
pancreas
Term
Kidney function(s) include:
Definition
all of the above
Term
___ is a hormone that stimulates contractions of the uterus in birthing mothers and milk production in nursing mothers.
Definition
oxytocin
Term
Which of the following is a Category Three STD?
Definition
AIDS
Term
The junction between a nerve cell and another cell is called:
Definition
synapse
Term
The inner ear is involved in:
Definition
maintaining balance
Term
Transmission of the nerve message within the neuron is electrical in nature.
Definition
true
Term
Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by:
Definition
an autoimmune reaction
Term
The ovaries are located in the ___ cavity.
Definition
lower abdominal
Term
Bile is produced by the _______ and stored in the _______.
Definition
liver ; gall bladder
Term
Which of the following organs is part of the lymphatic system?
Definition
spleen
Term
Which type of tissue is bone?
Definition
connective
Term
___ is the phase in a woman's life during which the ovarian and uterine cycles cease.
Definition
menopause
Term
A hardening of the arteries is known as:
Definition
atherosclerosis
Term
Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?
Definition
skull
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