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Death & Dying #2
SOC 473
116
Sociology
Undergraduate 4
10/17/2013

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Term
Feeling rules
Definition
There are rules surrounding when certain emotions can be shown. These are regulated by norms.
Term
Sue Rodriguez
Definition
ALS, 2-5 years.
Control over one’s destiny
Belief in the afterlife alleviates the fear of death
Term
PAD
Definition
Physician assisted death; encompasses euthanasia and suicide
Term
Right to Life
Definition
Pro life, emphasize the RIGHT to life.
Term
Right to Die
Definition
Pro-Choice Arguments, emphasize the RIGHT to die
Term
Duty to Die
Definition
Pro-Socially Normative Argument, notion that people have a duty to die. Individuals have a duty to the large of society to exit, to die.
Term
Closed Awareness
Definition
(Strauss) You should NOT talk about death. Everyone knows it will happen, but you don’t mention it. Still cultures where this is the case; DON’T TELL THEM THEY ARE DYING.
Term
Suspected Awareness
Definition
One is suspicious of their dying. Body talks to them. Nobody will confirm this for them. They get curious.
Term
Mutual Pretense
Definition
Fully aware they are dying, figured it out. Aware that everyone else knows. Everyone knows. No conversation.
Term
Karen Ann Quinlan USA 1976
Definition
Parish priest said that God should have his will, let her pass away.
DETERMINED THAT PARENTS COULD TERMINATE HER CARE and allow her to die.
She was unplugged, she DID not die.
PASSIVE EUTHANASIA
Won the right to terminate treatment, NOT to kill her.
Term
The Patients Rights Movement
Definition
Right to be informed
Right to decide (consent)
Right to decide in advance
Right to designate a decision-maker aka power of attorney
Term
Hospice Palliative Care
Definition
Object to major intervening care, but still want to be cared for.
ID themselves as pro-life… despite being there to help people die.
Term
Terri Schiavo USA 2005
Definition
Passive euthanasia. Went into a coma, then veggie state. Spouse elected to let her die. Took 2 weeks, why not do int humanely then?
Term
Informed Voluntary Consent
Definition
Be informed about conditions, about treatments offered, can agree or decline.
Term
Advance Personal Directive
Definition
Specify what is to be done for you
Term
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
Definition
Success rate for seniors when revived in nearly 0.
Term
Orthodox Jewish Man, 2008
Definition
Sometimes we're FORCED to be treated. 84-year-old father be kept alive as long as possible, per tenets of their religion, despite the recommendation of several doctors that care be discontinued.
Doctors felt it was WRONG, BUT, if family asks, you can MAKE the doctor treat you.
Term
Hassan Rasouli, 2012
Definition
Minimally conscious. Wife refused to give consent. Doctors argued that they were not required to provide treatment of no medical benefit, and did not need consent to stop treatment
Term
Assisted suicide
Definition
remains illegal to assist in someone’s suicide. That means HELP. You wouldn’t do it, but you would give the means
Term
Dr. Jack Kevorkian USA 1990s
Definition
From Assisted Suicide to Active Euthanasia. Jailed 1999-2007
Term
Gloria Taylor, 2012
Definition
ALS, challenged law against physician-assisted suicide. BC Supreme Court judge ruled that prohibiting physician-assisted suicide is unconstitutional. Taylor given an exemption for assisted suicide. Taylor died of natural causes in Oct 2012
Term
Dr. Nancy Morrison Canada 1997 (Voluntary)
Definition
Had a patient who was dying super painfully, she killed him with a lethal injection. Was not reprimanded.
Term
Robert Latimer Canada 1993
Definition
(daughter Tracy, Non-voluntary). Jailed 2001-2008. Exceeded limits of a parent.
Logic of people dying painfully a la Sue Rodriguez is that we ought to do something, we can justify euthanizing.
Daughter has CF, 12 years old (2 years mentally, cannot speak for herself). Killed her via exhaust.
Disabled lobbyists didn’t like this.
Term
Marc & Eddy Verbessem
Definition
Twins, deaf from birth, Belgium. @ age 45. Begin going blind.Voluntarily requested euthanasia, died December 14, 2012 by lethal injection

Voluntary Active Legal Euthanasia
Their today, our tomorrow?
Term
End of life care's future
Definition
Palliative Care. Dr.’s recognizing the limits of medicine, increasing recommendations of palliative care.
Physician-Assisted Suicide.
Term
Legal Dr. Assisted suicide
Definition
Benelux Countries: Belgium 2002 (not illegal), Netherlands 2002 (legalized long-standing practice), Luxembourg 2009 (legalized)

Switzerland: “Suicide Tourism”
People visit for assisted suicide. Foreigners are able to receive medical care.
Term
Suicide
Definition
Dr assisted because they are non invested and are capable
Term
Passive Euthanasia
Definition
Refusing care, Advance directives, Do not resuscitate, Palliative care, Withholding futile care)
We do a lot that hasten deaths. Death embracing. We make decisions.
Term
Active voluntary euthanasia
Definition
Openly wishing for death.
option in Belgium countries. Has to be able to volunteer.
Term
Active non-voluntary euthanasia
Definition
Person cannot express their opinion
Term
Active involuntary euthansia
Definition
Person is screaming for help. Aka murder or capital punishment. Holocaust…
Term
“Normative” Suicide
Definition
Honor killings, ask people to kill themselves if they dishonor family.
Term
Degrees of psychological life
Definition
1) Comatose
2) Persistent Vegetative State
3) Minimally Conscious State
4) Dementia/psychological death (Alzheimer’s, stroke, etc.)
5) Insanity?
Term
Active
Definition
make death happen NOW
Term
Passive
Definition
ALLOW death to happen. Stepping out of the way. Normally done by Dr.
Term
Male suicides
Definition
MUCH more common than female.
Peak at 45, and at 90; bimodal.
Suffocation, firearms
Term
Female sucide
Definition
Poison, suffocation.
Peak at 45
More likely to ATTEMPT from 15-19
Term
Durkheim
Definition
Suicide types
Term
Anomic suicide
Definition
Rules are too ambiguous, lack of culture. No meaning.
Term
Altruistic suicide
Definition
TOO supported, done for the good of the community.
Term
Egoistic suicide
Definition
Too little support, done for themselves. Mostly men; few social supports.
Life conditions.
Term
Fatalistic suicide
Definition
Societal rules are way too oppressive, lack of control in life.
Term
Kevin Hart
Definition
South African photographer.
Took Pulitzer prize photo of girl with vulture.
Killed himself later. What kind of suicide?
Term
Richard Cardinal
Definition
17 yr old metis foster child. Went through 16 foster homes. Deficiencies in child care system; he never got to go home.
Done for egoistic, anomic, fatalistic reasons
Term
Jonny Kennedy
Definition
NEVER advocated for assisted suicide/euthanasia. Not someone who would kill self due to support and coherence.
Term
2 visions in death
Definition
#1 common is spirits of friends/family welcoming
#2 is glimpse of place they're going
Term
2 types of people who see visions
Definition
dying slowly and near death experiences
Term
Argument for spirits
Definition
Claim not hallucination, always relatives, EEG is flatlined, NDE evidence = spirit evidence
Term
Spirit explanation
Definition
Unconscious feeding material to experiences
Term
Brain death
Definition
HUGE variations in determining, little role played by surgeons. Might be wrong!
Term
Aging population
Definition
low quality of life. Want to spend last days at home, hospital #2.
Term
Patient needs
Definition
Physical, psychological, social, spiritual
Term
Personal hygiene
Definition
inability to perform made feel in decay
Term
Psychological need
Definition
Axniety, uncertainty, desire to be home
Term
Social needs
Definition
visits from family & friends
Term
Physical pain
Definition
Overshadows all patient needs
Term
Quality care
Definition
Culturally sensitive care
Term
health care providers
Definition
inflexible to cultural/religious tradition
Term
Jehovah witness
Definition
Cannot transfuse blood, can get court order for minors
Term
Underestimate time
Definition
Patients loses fait
Term
overestimate
Definition
patient wastes time with family
Term
Stigmatized
Definition
SUDEP, weird unknown ways to pass. ~500 a year.
Term
Feeding tube
Definition
seen as ordinary and morally obligatory.
Term
Technical imperative
Definition
Use a tech just because we can
Term
Cruzan
Definition
1990 decision that food and water are medical treatments, and are optional
Term
Withhold
Definition
Better to do that to withdraw
Term
2 treatments always give
Definition
Symptom control and human presence
Term
Ethically obliged
Definition
Feeding tubes for those when someone is cognitively aware and wants to live
Term
Usefulness and Burdonsomeness
Definition
2 criteria of treatment decisions
Term
Kevorkian
Definition
Helped 130 people, legit & ethical medical practice,
Term
Obitoriums
Definition
ultimate goal of Kovorkian. Place people where they will die and harvest organs/experiment
Term
Descent to depravity
Definition
Reached by small steps. Requests of organ donation and then euthanasia
Term
Organ donor & euthanasia
Definition
BAD. Gives an incentive to the depressed and devalued of society. gives them meaning
Term
Belgium says
Definition
deaths are worth more than lives
Term
Family life
Definition
experience and context for dealing with death
Term
Sheltered kids
Definition
not prepared for death, revolted and scared
Term
No collective family stance
Definition
Cuz less experience with death
Term
Middle age
Definition
children realize finality of parents; middle ages orphans; huge deal
Term
Family
Definition
determines if organs are to be harvested
Term
20th century religion
Definition
Less important; see science as what cures. Funeral industry taken over.
Term
Ambulance workers, nurses, physicians & assistants
Definition
Most time with dying persons. Provide the most care
Term
Nurses
Definition
MOST hands on care; advocates for family
Term
Dr.s
Definition
trained to preserve life only
Term
DNR orders
Definition
frequent in canada now, written in hospital
Term
Canadian palliative care
Definition
Montreal & Winni 1975.
Term
LOW %
Definition
of bed are for palliative care
Term
Hospital
Definition
10x as expensive as palliative, home is 1/2 palli
Term
Legal to
Definition
kill self
Term
Illegal to
Definition
help someone or to cause another's death
Term
California daughter
Definition
Kids live far away and only talk when someone dies, unprepared!
Term
Most deaths
Definition
Occur from withdrawn/withheld care
Term
Cremation
Definition
#1 way to dispose. Half price of funeral (5-10K!) Flexible where body goes
Term
Embalming
Definition
replace fluids with chemicals to preserve
Term
100 years ago
Definition
babies die in infancy
Term
Far away, don't concern themselves with it.
Definition
Young people. Old are close and worry.
Term
Death trajectory
Definition
course that person follows over time into death.
Term
Long trajectories
Definition
make people worry about being a burden
Term
Short trajecotry
Definition
Seen as the best, short trip into death
Term
Rodriguez
Definition
Control over final moments via assisted suicide
Term
Shwartz
Definition
Manage emotions & focus on love
Term
Rodriguez and Shwartz
Definition
both good deaths due to manner of dealing with strife
Term
Desirable traits in death
Definition
Dignity, fortitude, courage, endurance, self control.
Term
Self control in death
Definition
Universally respected
Term
DYING
Definition
scarier than death. Driven by fears of loss and suffering.
Term
Dying process
Definition
Ross. DABDA
Term
Social norms
Definition
Encourage women's emotional outlet, make perverse men's.
Term
Frank's incoherence
Definition
loss of order in one's life from illness, pain, etc.
Term
Frank's coherence
Definition
(re)gaining a sense of order and control
Term
Atnonovsky's coherence
Definition
Comprehensibility (make sense), Manageability (resource and support), Meaningfulness (find meaning).
Term
Becker
Definition
mortality is scary because it can invalidates the life lived.
Term
Religious solution
Definition
Most pervasive and enduring mechanism for making death not scary
Term
Spiritual solution
Definition
21st century spirituality =/= religion. Is a construction to assign meaning
Term
Edgework
Definition
affirms life's value
Term
Choosing to end life
Definition
suggests life has no value
Term
Suicide
Definition
Not all want to die, want to make an attempt at help
Term
Good death
Definition
is comfortable and not a fight for life
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