Term
| What is the IDEA definition of Deafness and Hearing Impairment? |
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Definition
| Impacts processing linguistic information through hearing. Adversely affects educational performance. Hearing impairment is differentiated from deafness. May have some residual hearing which allows them to perceive some sounds. |
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Term
| What is meant by Normal Hearing? |
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Definition
| Person has sufficient hearing to understand speech in everyday situations without a device or aid. |
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Term
| What is meant by "Deafness"? |
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Definition
Person cannot use hearing to understand speech even with a hearing aid.
Vision is primary mode of communication. |
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Term
| What is meant by "hard of hearing"? |
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Definition
| Child has significant hearing loss that makes some special adaptions necessary. Can understand speech with hearing aid. Speech is developed mainly through auditory channel, but may be delayed. |
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Term
| What is the difference between "Deaf" and "deaf"? |
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Definition
| The capital "D" is used to describe "Deaf culture", which has its own language and cultural practices. They view the term "hearing impaired" as demeaning. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is sound measured in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What if a person cannot hear very high or very low sounds? |
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Definition
| May suffer some inconvenience, but no significant problems in everyday life and the classroom. |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of prelingual deafness in regards to English Literacy? |
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Definition
| Speech and language acquisition do not occur spontaneously. Have smaller vocabularies. Learn concrete words ("tree") more easily than abstract ("jealous"). May omit word endings, have difficulty with function words ("the"), and be unable to tell questions from statements. |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of deafness in relation to speaking? |
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Definition
| Atypical speech is common. Not being able to monitor one's own speech may result in talking too loudly/softly, and may omit speech sounds they cannot hear (if hearing impaired). |
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Term
| What academic areas do children with hearing loss usually have difficulty with? |
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Definition
| Reading and Math. They lag far behind their peers with the gap widening as they age. |
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Term
| What percentage of deaf students are functionally illiterate when they leave high school? |
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Definition
| 30%, compared to 1% of hearing |
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Term
| Does deafness itself pose limitations on a child's cognitive ability? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are usually the causes of problems a deaf student experiences in education and social adjustment? |
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Definition
| Inadequate development of a first language, mismatch between written and spoken English, and student's ability to understand and communicate in English. |
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Term
| Deafness and Hearing loss influences... |
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Definition
| English literacy, speaking, academic achievement, and social functioning. |
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Term
| What percentage of the American population have some form of hearing loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of American school age students have some form of hearing loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| What age and gender is most likely to have hearing loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two main types of hearing loss? |
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Definition
| Conductive and sensorineural. |
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Term
| What is conductive hearing loss? |
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Definition
| Results from abnormalities or complications of the outer or middle ear. Involves a problem with conducting, or transmitting, sound vibrations to the inner ear. Can be corrected through surgical/medical treatment or hearing aids if rest of inner ear is intact. |
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Term
| What is sensorineural hearing loss? |
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Definition
| Damage to the sensitive mechanisms and nerves in the inner ear. Sound may be delivered to the brain in a distorted fashion, or not at all. Amplification of sound and surgery may not help. |
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Term
| What is mixed hearing loss? |
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Definition
| The combination of both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. |
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Term
| What is unilateral hearing loss? |
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Definition
| Loss is present in one ear only (left or right). |
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Term
| What is bilateral hearing loss? |
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Definition
| Loss is present in both ears. |
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Term
| What are the three common ways to communicate with a Deaf person? |
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Definition
| Speechread, sign language/assistance of an interpreter, and writing. |
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Term
| What are some things to remember when communicating with a Deaf person if they can speechread? |
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Definition
| Face the person, keep whole face visible, and speak clearly, naturally, and not too fast. |
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Term
| What are some tips for communicating with a Deaf person through sign language and an interpreter? |
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Definition
| Maintain eye contact with deaf person, speak directly to them, remain face to face, don't say anything you don't want to have interpreted. |
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Term
| What are some tips for communicating with a Deaf person through writing? |
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Definition
| Don't abbreviate, write in simple, direct language, use visual aides, gestures, and facial expressions as well. Has limitations but is more effective than no communication at all. |
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Term
| What is congenital hearing loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is acquired hearing loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do prelingual and postlingual mean? |
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Definition
| Hearing loss occurred before or after the development of speech. |
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Term
| At what age is hearing loss usually detected in children? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the degrees of hearing loss and what does it depend on? |
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Definition
| slight, mild, moderate, severe, and profound. Depends on decibels most important for understanding speech. |
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Term
| A hearing aid is what kind of device? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a limitation of a hearing aid? |
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Definition
| Surrounding noise (like in classroom) can make using them difficult. |
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Term
| What is a Group Assistive Learning Device? |
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Definition
| Radio link between teacher and child that allows to space and noise. |
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Term
| What is a cochlear implant? |
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Definition
| Bypasses the damaged ear and stimulates the auditory nerve directly. Surgically placed under the ear. Does NOT restore or create normal hearing. |
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Term
| What are some supports and technologies that supplement or replace sound? |
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Definition
| Interpreters, Speech-to-text translation, television captioning, text telephones, and alerting devices (which include dogs). |
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Term
| What are the three major educational approaches used for teaching hearing impaired students? |
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Definition
| Oral/Aural, total communication, and bilingual-bicultural approaches. |
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Term
| What is an oral/aural approach to teaching? |
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Definition
| Speech is seen as essential. Training in producing and understanding speech. Not used as much as it used to be. Allows for integration into the general education classroom. |
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Term
| What is auditory learning? |
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Definition
| Used for children with residual hearing. Teaching awareness, discrimination, identification, and finally comprehension of sounds. Sound may be supplemented by other senses. |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding speech by looking at the face. |
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Term
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Definition
| 45 hand shapes that represent phonemes that cannot be distinguished through speech. supplements oral speech with visual representation of spoken language. Cannot be used alone, it clarifies spoken word. |
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Term
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Definition
| Visual system of hand signals that provides clarification on how a sound is produced verbally in a given word. |
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Term
| What is total communication? |
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Definition
| Use a variety of forms of communication to teach English. Combination of speech and manual communication. Also called simultaneous communication, or simcom. |
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Term
| What is the most commonly used educational approach for teaching to hearing impaired? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is manually coded english? |
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Definition
| Used in total communication. Sign system that follows the structure of written english. |
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Term
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Definition
| Manual alphabet, spelling out proper names that have no sign and to clarify meanings. Word is spelled out letter by letter. |
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Term
| Is ASL its own language or a variation of English? |
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Definition
| Its own language, since it has its own rules and does not correspond to spoken or written English. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shape or motion that appears to imitate or act out the message. |
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Term
| What educational placement is used for most deaf or hearing impaired students? |
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Definition
| The general education classroom. It |
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