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| Matter cannot be created nor destroyed. Total mass remains constant through a Chemical change |
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| When you burn a piece of paper, the amount of mass that the regular paper started with, is the same when the paper is ash. There was no new mass created and no mass destroyed |
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| Differences between solids, liquids, and gases. |
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| -particles in a gas are well separated and move in random arrangements, vibrate, and move freely at high speeds |
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| Differences between solids, liquids, and gases. |
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| -Particles in a liquid are close together with no regular arrangements, vibrate, and slide past each other |
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| Differences between solids, liquids, and gases. |
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| -particles in a solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern, vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place. |
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| Examples of solids, liquids, and gases |
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Definition
Solid- Ice
Liquid- water
Gas- steam (water vapor) |
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| Physical properties are properties of a substancescan be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter |
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| Physical properties- 3 examples |
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1. color
2. hardness
3. boiling point |
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| A chemical property is a property describing its chemical change |
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| Chemical properties examples |
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1. Reactivity
2. Flamability
3. toxicity |
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| Physical change and Chemical change |
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Definition
Chemical change: when the substance undergoes a chemical reaction and produces a new substance.
Physical Change: A change altering the physical properties of the substances |
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| Examples of physical and chemical changes |
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Physical change: a knife being sharpened and a plate breaking
Chemical change: paper burning and a car rusting |
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| Pure and not pure substances |
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Pure: A sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that consists of only one component with definite physical and chemical properties and a definite composition.
Not pure: A sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that consists of more than one component |
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| Element: Substance that cannot be broken down any further (purest form) Gold, Hydrogen, Silver |
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Compound: Reaction of joining two or more chemical elements
Example: water |
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When two or more substances are physically combined.
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture.
Homogeneous mixtures: air, blood, saturated sugar water
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties.
Heterogeneous mixtures: rocks, oil and water, soup, pizza
Examples: Mud, flour |
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| Intensive and exstensive properties |
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Definition
Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter that is present. Examples of intensive properties include boiling point, density and state of matter.
Extensive properties do depend on the amount of matter that is present. Examples of extensive properties include volume, mass and size.
Intensive ex. |
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| Chromatography is a group of laboratory techniques to separate the components of a mixture by passing the mixture through a stationary phase. |
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| Examples of Chromatography and how it is used in a labratory |
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| you can use chalk and alcohol to perfom chromatography to separate the pigments in food colorings or inks. It's a safe project and also a very quick project, since you can see bands of color forming within minutes. After you've finished making your chromatogram, you'll have colored chalk. Unless you use a lot of ink or dye, the chalk won't be colored all the way through, but it will still have an interesting appearance. |
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