Term
| Systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli |
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Term
| Virtual reality exposure therapy |
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Definition
| an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats |
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Term
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Definition
| therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions |
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Term
| Stress innoculation training |
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Definition
| teaching people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations |
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Term
| Cognitive-behavior therapy |
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Definition
| combined cognitive therapy with behavior therapy that changes self-defeating thinking and behavior and replaces behaviors with new ways of thinking and practiced a more positive approach to everyday settings |
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Term
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Definition
| therapy that treats the family as a system |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, and behavior therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive therapy, exposure therapy, and stress inoculation training |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive-behavior therapy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Behavior-conditioning therapy |
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Definition
| phobias, compulsions, marital problems, and sexual disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| combining rapid eye movement with recall of traumatic experience to reduce distress from that memory |
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Term
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Definition
| physically changing brain's functioning by altering its chemistry with drugs, electroconvulsive shock, magnetic impulses, or altering circuits thru psychosurgery |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior |
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Term
| Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) |
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Definition
| Works well for patients with positive symptoms, not negative |
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Term
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Definition
| Good for negative symptoms and people with positive symptoms with whom other drugs didn't work |
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Term
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Definition
| therapists try to understand a patient's current symptoms by focusing on themes across important relationships, including childhood experiences and the therapist relationship |
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Term
| Interpersonal psychotherapy |
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Definition
| a variation on psychodynamic therapy that is effective in treating depression (only short term relief) |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasized people's inherent potential for self-fulfillment, focusing on present and future more than past, conscious rather than unconscious thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
| (Rogers) a humanistic therapy in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listing within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate the clients' growth (person-centered therapy) |
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Term
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Definition
| person listens without judging or interpreting and directs client to insights |
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Term
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Definition
| empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies |
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Term
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Definition
| therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people (in reality or not) to things they fear and avoid |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Antianxiety agents that depress CNS activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Prozac - blocks reabsorption and removal of serotonin in synapses |
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Term
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Definition
| SSRI (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) |
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Term
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Definition
| good stabilizer for bipolar people |
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Term
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Definition
| helps bipolar people (originally used for people with epilepsy) |
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Term
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Definition
| a biomed therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent thru the brain of an anesthetized patient |
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Term
| rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) |
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Definition
| the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in effort to change behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients |
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Term
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Definition
| scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
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Term
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Definition
| suggests how we explain someone's behavior - by crediting either the situation of the person's disposition |
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Term
| Fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behaviors, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of the personal disposition |
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Term
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Definition
| feelings, based on our beliefs, that predispose our reactions to objects, people and events |
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Term
| foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
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Definition
| the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request |
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Term
| Cognitive Dissonance Theory |
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Definition
| the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (cognitive dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent |
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Term
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Definition
| adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard |
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Term
| Normative Social Influence |
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Definition
| influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
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Term
| Informational social influence |
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Definition
| influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality |
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Term
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Definition
| an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members |
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Term
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Definition
| unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members |
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Term
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Definition
| us; people with whom one shares a common identity |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to favor one's ingroup |
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Term
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Definition
| them; those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that the world is just, so people get what they deserve and deserve what they get |
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Term
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Definition
| stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity |
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Term
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Definition
| the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group |
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Term
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Definition
| the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives |
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Term
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Definition
| any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy |
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Term
| Frustration-aggression principle |
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Definition
| the principle that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger, which can generate aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing his self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them |
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Term
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Definition
| an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at beginning of love relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it |
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Term
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Definition
| revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others |
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Term
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Definition
| unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present |
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Term
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Definition
| theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to max benefits and min costs |
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Term
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Definition
| an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them |
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Term
| Social-responsibility norm |
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Definition
| an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them |
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Term
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Definition
| shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation |
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Term
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Definition
| Strategy designed to decrease international tensions |
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