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| The process of selectively attending to information and assigning meaning to it |
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| A set of characteristics used to differentiate some things from others |
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| Assigning meaning to information |
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| Your over all evaluation of your competence and personal worthiness |
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| A pattern of learned behaviors that people use to meet the perceived demands of a particular context |
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| The internal process of observing and regulating your own behaviors based on your analysis of the situation and others’ responses to you |
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| The gap between our inaccurate self-perceptions and reality |
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| Self-fulfilling prophecies |
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| Events that happen as the result of being foretold, expected or talked about |
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| The internal conversations we have with ourselves |
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| The process of monitoring the social environment to learn more about self and others |
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| Implicit personality theories |
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| Assumptions people have developed about which physical characteristics and personality traits or behaviors are associated with another |
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| To generalize and perceive that a persona has a whole set of characteristics when your have actually observed only one characteristic, trait or behavior |
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| Attributions that cover up individual differences and ascribe certain characteristics to an entire group of people |
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| A rigid attitude that is based on group membership and predisposes an individual to feel, think or act in a negative way toward another person or group. |
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| A negative action toward a social group or its members on account of group membership |
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| Reasons we give for others’ behaviors |
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| A message that reflects your understanding of the meaning of another person’s nonverbal behavior |
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| The process of receiving, constructing meaning from and responding to spoken and or nonverbal messages |
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| The perceptual process of selecting and focusing on specific stimuli from the countless stimuli reaching the senses |
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| Decoding a message accurately to reflect the meaning intended by the speaker |
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| Intellectually indentifying with or vicariously experiencing the feelings or attitudes of another |
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| Experiencing an emotional response parallel to, and as a result observing, another person’s actual or anticipated display of emotion |
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| Imagining yourself in the place of another: the most common form of empathizing |
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| Sympathetic responsiveness |
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| Feeling concern, compassion or sorrow for another because of the other’s situation or plight |
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| A statement designed to get further information or to clarify information already received |
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| Putting into words the ideas or feelings you have perceived from the message |
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| One that focuses on the denotative meaning of the message |
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| A response that captures the emotions attached to the content of the message |
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| Being able to retain information and recall it when needed |
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| Any artificial technique used as a memory aid |
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| The process of evaluating what you have heard to determine its truthfulness |
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| Statements whose accuracy can be verified |
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| Statements made by the speaker that are based on facts or observations |
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| To help people feel better about themselves and their behavior |
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| Comforting statements that have a goal to reassure, bolster, encourage, soothe, console, or cheer up |
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| Clarify supportive intentions |
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| Openly stating that your goal in the conversation is to help your partner |
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| Cushioning the effect of messages by utilizing both positive and negative politeness skills |
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| The desire to be appreciated and approved, liked and honored |
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| The desire to be free from imposition or intrusion |
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| Statements that encourage our partners to talk about and elaborate on what happened and how they feel about it |
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| Offering ideas, observations, information, and alternative explanations that might help your partner understand the situation in a different light |
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| Presenting relevant suggestions and proposals that a person can use to satisfactorily resolve a situation |
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| The psychological discomfort of adjusting to a new cultural situation |
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| Intercultural communication |
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| Interaction between people whose cultural assumptions are distinct enough to alter the communication event |
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| The attitudes, values, beliefs and customs that the majority of people in a society hold in common |
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| Groups of people living within a dominant culture but exhibiting communication that is sufficiently different to distinguish them form the dominant culture |
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| A classification of people based on combinations of shared characteristics such as nationality, geographic origin, language, religion , ancestral customs and tradition |
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| A system of beliefs shared by a group with objects for devotion, rituals for worship and a code of ethics |
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| An indicator of a person’s position in a social hierarchy, as determined by income, education, occupation and social habits |
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| Emphasizes personal rights and responsibilities, privacy, voicing one’s opinion, freedom, innovation and self expression |
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| Emphasizes community, collaboration, shared interest, harmony, the public good, and avoiding embarrassment |
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| Low uncertainty avoidance cultures |
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Definition
| Cultures characterized by greater acceptance of and less need to control, unpredictable people, relationships or events |
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| High uncertainty avoidance cultures |
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| Cultures characterized by a low tolerance for, and a high need to control, unpredictable people, relationships or events |
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Definition
| The cultural belief that inequalities in power, status, and rank are natural and that these differences should be acknowledged and accentuated |
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| The cultural belief that inequalities in power, status, and rank should be underplayed and muted |
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| A culture in which people are expected to adhere to traditional sex roles |
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| A culture in which people, regardless of sex, are expected to assume a variety of roles based on the circumstances and their own choices |
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| The belief that one’s own culture is superior to others |
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| A display of genuine and unselfish concern for the welfare of others |
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| A selfish interest in one’s own needs, to the exclusion of everything else |
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| Sets of expectations two people have for their behavior based on the pattern of interaction between them |
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| Ones in which the interactions are satisfying to and healthy for those involved |
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| People we know by name and talk with when the opportunity arises, but with whom our interactions are largely impersonal |
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| People with whom we have negotiated more personal relationships that are voluntary |
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| Close friends or intimates |
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| People with whom we share a high degree of commitment, trust, interdependence and disclosure and enjoyment |
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| An intimate relationship in which the partners are not sexually attracted to each other or do not act on an attraction they feel |
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| An intimate relationship in which the partners act on their sexual attraction |
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| Placing confidence in another in a way that almost always involves some risk |
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| Sharing biographical data personal ideas and feelings that are unknown to the other person |
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| Verbal and physical responses to people (and/or their messages) within the relationship |
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| A tool for examining the relationship between disclosure and feedback in the relationship |
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| Maintaining a relationship |
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| Behaving and communicating in such a way that preserved a particular level of closeness or intimacy in a relationship |
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| Seemingly opposing forces (openness-closedness, autonomy-connection, , and novelty-predictability) that occur in all interpersonal relationships |
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| Sharing biographical data, personal experiences, ideas, and feelings |
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| The right of an individual to keep biographical data, personal ideas, and feelings secret |
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| A conscious decision to avoid disclosure and to withhold information or feelings from a relational partner |
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| A way to share information, display knowledge, negotiate and preserve independence |
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| A way to share experiences and establish bonds with others |
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| The ski of naming the emotions you are feeling without judging them |
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| Accurately recounting the specific behaviors of others without commenting on their appropriateness |
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| Describing the specific positive behaviors or accomplishments of another and the effect that behavior has on others |
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| Describing specific behaviors of another that hurt the person or that person’s relationships with others |
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| Not expressing personal preferences or defending our rights because we fear the cost and are insecure in the relationships, have very low self-esteem or value the other person above our self |
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| Belligerently or violently confronting another with your preferences, feelings, needs, or rights with little regard for the situation or for the feelings or rights of others |
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| Expressing your personal preferences and defending your personal rights while respecting the preferences and rights of others |
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| When the needs or ideas of one person are at odds or in opposition to the needs or ideas of another |
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| Managing conflict by physically or psychologically removing yourself |
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| Managing conflict by satisfying others’ needs or accepting other’s ideas while neglecting our own |
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Definition
| Managing conflict by satisfying your own needs or advancing your own ideas, with no concern for the needs or ideas of the other and no concern for the harm done to the relationship |
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