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| Romulus founds Rome (traditional date) |
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| Orientalizing Period in Italy |
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| "Lucretia" raped and commits suicide; seventh and last king, Tarquin the Arrogant, expelled from Rome; Republic begins |
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| Horatius Cocles wards off Etruscan army at the bridge |
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| Council of the Plebs elects tribunes for the first time |
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| Publication of the Twelve Tables of laws, Rome's first written code of law |
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| First plebeian elected to consulship |
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| Laws passed by the Council of the Plebs, called "plebiscita," become binding on ALL Romans, including patricians |
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| Priesthoods opened to plebeians and right of appeal from order of magistrate to the assembly of the people |
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| Rome finally defeats the Samnites and secures control of central Italy |
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| Senate loses right to veto "plebiscita," the laws passed by the Council of Plebs |
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| Outbreak of First Punic War |
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| End of First Punic War; Rome acquires Sicily as first province or overseas territorial possession |
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| Outbreak of Second Punic War (Hannibalic War) |
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| Battle of Cannae, great Roman defeat early in the Second Punic War |
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| Cult of Cybele, the Great Mother, introduced at Rome |
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| Intermittent wars in Greece, Macedonia, and Asia Minor |
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| Spain annexed as 2 provinces of the Roman empire |
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| Senate suppresses and controls worship of Bacchus in Italy |
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| Cato the Elder elected censor |
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| Third Punic War; Romans burn Carthage to the ground |
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