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| building of new tissues from digested food |
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| (carb) single sugar subunit |
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| (carb) polymer, insoluble in water; ex: glycogen / cellulose |
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– (2:1 H/O ratio) 3 FA bonded to glycerol; chief means of food storage
• Major component of adipose tissue
• Steroids, waxes, carotenoids, porphyrins |
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- polymers of AA joined by peptide bond / 1* = AA sequence, 2* = folding (alpha beta)
• Hormones (ACTH & insulin), Enzymes, structural pro (collagen), transport (hemoglobin), antibodies |
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– lower activation E & inc. rate of rxn / do not affect overall E
• Higher temp = inc enzyme action / optimal pH = 7.2 (except pepsin & pancreas)
• Competitive inhibitors compete w/ substrate for binding at ACTIVE site; can be overcome by adding more substrate; Vmax not affected
• Noncompetitive inhibitors bind at allosteric site; diminishes Vmax |
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| bacteria, cell wall, NO nucleus, NO memb-bound organelles, ribosomes (no mem), mesosomes (invaginations of membrane) |
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| cell wall in fungi & plants, nucleus, membrane-bound organelles |
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| – microtubule involved in spindle organization during cell division/ NO membrane |
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| near middle of eukaryotic chromosomes where spindle fibers attach |
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| membrane bound, involved in ingestion / hydrolytic enzymes |
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| exhibit maternal inheritance |
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| = “spot welds”; attach cells together and give cells mechanical strength (ex. skin cells) |
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| seal the spaces b/w cells and prevent cell leakage (ex. intestinal cells) |
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| = allow cells to exchange nutrients and for molecular communication |
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| mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent unicellular organisms living in symbiosis with larger cells |
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lipids and proteins are free to move back and forth fluidly; diffuse laterally
• Integral Membrane are embedded in membrane by hydrophobic interactions
• Peripheral are stuck to integral membrane proteins by H bonding |
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| type of integral membrane protein; three types: ligand-gated (open ion channel), catalytic, and G-protein |
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| use secondary messengers such as cAMP which amplify signal |
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