Term
| What reagents are known for reducing a ketone and carboxylic acid to a secondary alcohol? |
|
Definition
1) LiAlH4 2) H3O+
which is a strong reducing agent |
|
|
Term
The following reaction is known as
[image] |
|
Definition
Chlorination of benzene
[image] |
|
|
Term
| Two compounds with different connectivities are known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an appropriate solvent for a Grignard reaction? |
|
Definition
An aprotic solvent
like Diethyl ether |
|
|
Term
| Some of the more common protic solvents include |
|
Definition
| Water, Ethanol, Acetic Acids and methanol |
|
|
Term
| A Diels-Alder reaction can be described as ? |
|
Definition
A conjugated diene combined with a dienophile to form cyclohexane
[image][image]
If the dienophile has two substituents the stereochemistry is conserved |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of cyclopenatnone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the following reaction called and why type of reaction is it?
[image] |
|
Definition
Catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene
Addition rxn ( the electrons of the pi bond of the alkene are used to form two single bonds to H atoms) |
|
|
Term
| The melting point an boiling point of a molecule are determined by ? |
|
Definition
the strength of its intermolecular forces (ion to ion, hydrogen,dipole-dipole and dispersion)
- a molecule with strong intermolecular forces will have a high melting point |
|
|
Term
| The initiation step of free radical reactions includes : |
|
Definition
Cleavage of weak bonds like Br-Br or Cl-Cl
to form 2 radicals |
|
|
Term
| What are the electron withdrawing substitients? |
|
Definition
Aldehydes, carboxylic acids and halogens
- aldehydes and carboxylic acids withdraw density via resonance
- halogens withdraw density via electronegativity
|
|
|
Term
| What are electron donating groups ? |
|
Definition
Alkyl groups and amines
Alkyl groups are mild donating groups that donate via hyperconjugation
Amines are strong donating groups that donate via resonance |
|
|
Term
| Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) compares components via ? |
|
Definition
Polarity
The more polar the compound the less it will move on the plate
The less polar the compound the more it will move |
|
|
Term
| What is an rF factor and how does it connect to a TLC plate ? |
|
Definition
rF value is equal to the distance the compound moved over the distance the solvent moved
- The compound that has moved the furthest (least polar) will have the largest rF value
- The compound that has moved the least (most polar) will have the smallest rF value
|
|
|
Term
What type of compounds with have the same solubility properties?
Diastereomers
Enantiomers
Constitutional Isomers |
|
Definition
Enantiomers
Since they have the same physical properties they would have the same solubility properties? |
|
|
Term
| A broad peak at 3200cm-1 on an IR spectra represents ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What must we look at to determine the most acidic hydrogen? |
|
Definition
The stability of the conjugate base that forms after the hydrogen is removed
Resonance stabilized often makes the most stable base |
|
|
Term
| N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) performs what rxn? |
|
Definition
Allylic brominaton
which is the replacement of a hydrogen atom on an allylic carbon with a bromine
Allylic meaning the carbon neighboring a C-C double bond |
|
|
Term
What do we look at when comparing acids
in CARDIO ? |
|
Definition
Charge
Atoms
Resonance Delocalization
Orbitals |
|
|
Term
| For a Diels Alder reaction the diene should be a ? |
|
Definition
Conjugated
(a single bond between two double bonds)
[image] |
|
|
Term
What reaction is seen in the following picture?
[image] |
|
Definition
Acid catalyzed hydration of alkynes
- It follows Markovnikov addition
- It first adds OH making an enol but tautomerizes to a ketone
|
|
|
Term
| What functional group has a strong peak at 1700 cm-1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Friedel Crafts Alkylation does not occur under which conditions? |
|
Definition
Strong electron withdrawing groups
Groups with lone pairs |
|
|
Term
What kind of reaction is this?
[image] |
|
Definition
A Wittig Reaction
[image]
which is a reaction between either an aldehyde or ketone and a Ylide and yields an alkene and a triphenol-phosphine oxide |
|
|
Term
| What type of molecule will go through SN1 the fastest? |
|
Definition
The most substituted carbon because it will form the most substituted carbocation
|
|
|
Term
What kind of reaction is the following ?
and what is the product?
[image] |
|
Definition
Haloform reaction/ specifically a chloroform rxn
These are rxns where a methyl ketone is treated with a base (NaOH) and a diatomic halogen to form a carboxylate ion. 2 is an acidic work up to change the ion to a carboxylic acid |
|
|
Term
| Oxalyl chloride (COCl)2 does what to a carboxylic acid? |
|
Definition
| It converts the carboxylic acid to an acid chloride |
|
|
Term
| An Acid chloride when treated with an alcohol becomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the product for the following reaction?
[image] |
|
Definition
This reaction is a classic acid, base reaction in which a proton transfer occurs
The products are then NH4+. and CH2CH2COO- |
|
|
Term
| When looking at what sites are more susceptible to a nucleophilic attack by a chloride anion? |
|
Definition
| The site that would allow for a better leaving group to leave |
|
|
Term
| What type of molecule is most soluble in water? |
|
Definition
short hydrocarbon chains that can accept and donate hydrogens
including amines with short hydrocarbon chains
|
|
|
Term
| In basic conditions epoxides are opened where? |
|
Definition
At the less substituted carbon
It will form an alkoxide
If that alkoxide is protonated with an acid it becomes an alcohol |
|
|
Term
| A 12.2 ppm shift on an 1H NMR spectra represents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 9 ppm shift on a 1H NMR spectra represents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 7 ppm shift on a 1H NMR spectra represents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 5 ppm shift on an 1H NMR spectra represents |
|
Definition
|
|
