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DAT Functional Group Chemistry
Functional Group FC
35
Organic Chemistry
Post-Graduate
12/13/2022

Additional Organic Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

For Organic chemistry the term oxidation refers to what

Definition

 

A reaction where there is an increase in the number of  bonds to O

Term
In organic chemistry a reduction refers to
Definition

a rxn that decreases the number of bonds to oxygen

and increasing the number of bonds to hydrogen

Term
When oxidizing alcohols, what must we keep in mind
Definition

We can only oxidize primary or secondary alcohols

 

 

 

Primary to aldehyde or carboxylic acid

secondary to ketone 

Term

 

A primary alcohol being oxidized with PCC yields a ?

Definition

Aldehyde

 

[image]

Term
A primary alcohol being oxidized with Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) yields a ?
Definition

A Carboxylic Acid 

[image]

 

KMno4 is known as a hard oxidizing agent

Term
A primary alcohol being oxidized with chromic acid (H2CrO4) yields a ?
Definition

 

A Carboxylic Acid 

[image]

 

H2CrO4 is known as a hard oxidizing agent

Term
A primary alcohol being oxidized with Jone Reagent ( CrO3/H2SO4) yields a ?
Definition

A Carboxylic Acid 

[image]

 

Jones Reagent is known as a hard oxidizing agent

Term

A Secondary alcohol will be oxidized to what when using 

oxidizing agents?

Definition

A Ketone

[image]

Term

 A Ketone will be reduced to what when using 

sodium borohydride (NaBH4)?

Definition

A Secondary alcohol

[image]

Term

 An Aldehyde will be reduced to what when using 

sodium borohydride (NaBH4)?

Definition

A Primary alcohol 

 

[image]

Term
What can Sodium borohydride cannot reduce
Definition

Carboxylic  Acids and Esters

 

They can reduce ketones and aldehydes

Term
Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acids and esters when reduced by Lithium anhydride (LAH) will become
Definition
A primary alcohol[image]
Term
Ketones when reduced by Lithium anhydride ( LAH ) will become
Definition

A secondary alcohol

[image]

Term

 

The reducing agent sodium borohydride can reduce 

______ and __________ only

Definition

 

Aldehydes and ketones 

Term

the reducing agent Lithium anhydride can reduce

_________, ___________, ___________ and _________

Definition
Carboxylic Acids, Ketones, Aldehydes and Esters
Term

Diisobutyalaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) 

 

is a reducing agent that can 

Definition

Can reduce an ester into an aldehyde

[image]

Term

lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride (LTBA)

is known for reducing acid chlorides to 

Definition

An aldehyde 

 

[image]

Term
Ozonolysis is the process that takes an linear alkene and
Definition

Cleaves the double bonds separating each into a carbonyl carbon

 

[image]

Term

Ozonolysis  ( 1. O3, Ch3Cl2   2. Zn, HOAc)

is the process that takes an cyclic alkene and 

Definition

Cleaves the double bond opening it up to become 2 carbonyls 

[image]

Term
Ozonolysis with alkynes followed by an aqueous work up leads to _____ as products
Definition

carboxylic Acids

[image]

Term
Epoxides are also known as
Definition

cyclic ethers

 

the simplest one is oxacyclopropane

Term
Meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid is the reagent used to
Definition
Turn an alkene into an epoxide
Term

Williamson  Ether Synthesis 

Step 1 begins with an ______ and proceeds through a _______ rxn

leaving us with an _______ that begins step 2

 

Step 2: Proceeds through a _________rxn and leaves an ether

Definition

Alcohol

 

Acid Base 

Alkoxide 

SN2

 

Term
Alkoxymercuration- Demercuration is very similar to Oxymercuration Demercuration except
Definition

You use an alcohol to deprotonate so an ester is formed Markovnikov

[image]

Term
Oxymercuration-Demercuration of a terminal alkynes results in an
Definition

Enol functional group

[image]

Enols have a tendence to tautomerize

so we actually end up with a ketone functional group

[image]

Term
Hydroboration oxidation on terminal alkynes will give a rise to
Definition

The anti markovnikov enol product that will tautomerize into an aldehyde

 

[image]

Term
Lithium alumninum hydride will reduce any nitrile to a
Definition

Primary amine

[image]

Term
Fisher Esterification is where we have a carboxylic acid and ROH and generate
Definition

An Ester

[image]

Term

Fischer esterification is a reaction that occurs in

___________

Definition

Equillibrium

 

We can push the rxn forward by using excess alcohol

We can push the rxn forward by removing water as well

[image]

Term
A primary alcohol being oxidized with  Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) yields a ?
Definition

 

Carboxylic Acid 

[image]

KmNO4 is known as a hard oxidizing agent

Term

When oxidizing an alcohol, which of the following can be oxidized?

A. Primary alcohols

B. Secondary Alcohols

C. Tertiary alcohols

D. Primary and Secondary

E. Secondary and Tertiary

Definition
D. Primary and secondary
Term

Primary alcohols can be oxidized to

A. Carboxylic Acids

B. Ketones

C. Aldehydes

D. Ketones and Aldehydes

E. Carboxylic Acids and aldehydes

 

Definition
E. Carboxylic Acids and Aldehydes
Term

Secondary alcohols can be oxidized to 

A. Carboxylic Acids

B. Ketones

C. Aldehydes

D. Ketones and Aldehydes

E. Carboxylic Acids and Aldehydes

Definition

B. Ketones

 

Term

Which of the following is a common oxidizing agent?

A. Lithium aluminum hydride

B. PCC

C. Sodium Borohydride

D. Ascorbic Acid (HC6H7O6)

 

Definition

B. PCC

 

All the others are common reducing agents 

Term

All of the following are oxidizing agents except 

A. Jones Reagent (CrO3/ H2SO4)

B.  Chromic acid (H2CrO4)

C. Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4)

D.Potassium Permanganate(KMnO4)

 

Definition

C. Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4)

It is a soft reducing agent

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