Term
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Definition
| basic functional unit of all living things |
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Term
| What is the function of the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
- bounds the cell and encloses the nucleus and cytoplasm
- separates internal metabolic events from the external environment
- controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
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Term
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Definition
| consists of specialized bodies called organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid matrix where the organelles are suspended |
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Term
| What consists the cytosol? |
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Definition
| water and dissolved substances such as proteins and nutrients |
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Term
| What is the chemical composition of the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| a double phospholipid membrane (lipid bilayer) with the polar hydrophilic heads forming the two outer faces and the nonpolar hydrophobic tails pointing toward the inside of the membrane |
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Term
| What is scattered throughout the flexible phospholipid membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are peripheral proteins? |
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Definition
| proteins may attach loosely to the inner or outer surface of the membrane |
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Term
| What are integral proteins? |
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Definition
| Proteins that extend into the membrane |
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Term
| What are transmembrane proteins? |
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Definition
Integral proteins that span across the membrane appearing at both surfaces
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Term
| Where are the hydrophobic regions embedded? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the hydrophilic regions embedded? |
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Definition
| aqueous solutions bordering the membrane |
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Term
| What freely pass the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| small, uncharged, polar molecules and hydrophobic molecules |
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Term
| What is impremeable to the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| large polar molecules and ions |
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Term
| What are the range of functions of proteins? |
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Definition
- Channel proteins
- Ion channels
- Porins
- Carrier proteins
- Transport proteins
- Recognition proteins
- Adhesion proteins
- Receptor proteins
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Term
| What are channel proteins? |
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Definition
| provide open passageways through the membrane for certain hydrophilic substances |
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Term
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Definition
| allow the passage of ions across the membrane |
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Term
| What is the function of gated channels? |
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Definition
| open and close in response to specific chemical or electrical stimuli to allow the passage of specific ions |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that allow the passage of certain ions and small polar molecules through membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| increase the passage rate of H2O molecules |
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Term
| What is the function of carrier proteins? |
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Definition
| bind to specific molecules, which are then transferred across the membrane after the carrier protein undergoes a change of shape |
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Term
| What helps the glucose into a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are transport proteins? |
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Definition
| bind to specific molecules, which are then transferred across the membrane after the carrier protein undergoes a change of shape |
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Term
| What are recognition proteins? |
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Definition
| give each cell type a unique identification |
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Term
| What type of proteins are recognition proteins? |
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Definition
| glycoproteins with short polysaccharide chains |
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Term
| What are adhesion proteins? |
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Definition
| provide anchors for the internal filaments and tubules that give stability to the cell |
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Term
| What are receptor proteins? |
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Definition
| provide binding sites for hormones or other trigger molecules |
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Term
| What do cholesterol provide for the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| provide some rigidity to the plasma membranes of animal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| carbohydrate coat that covers the outer face of the cell wall of some bacteria and the outer face of the plasma membrane of certain animal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| oligosaccharides that are attached to membrane phospholipids |
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Term
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Definition
| bodies within the cytoplasm that serve to physically separate the various metabolic reactions that occur within cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What consists the nuclear envelope? |
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Definition
| two phospholipid bilayers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hereditary information of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| threadlike matrix spread within the nucleus (DNA) |
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Term
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Definition
| rod shaped bodies of condensed chromatin |
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Term
| What makes up the chromosomes? |
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Definition
- histone protein molecules
- two long DNA molecules
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Term
| What is the purpose of the histone inside the DNA? |
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Definition
| organize the lengthy DNA, coiling it into bundles called nucleosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| concentrations of DNA in the process of manufacturing the components of ribosomes |
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Term
| Where are ribosomes subunits manufactured? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| RNA molecules and proteins |
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Term
| What do ribosomes do in the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
| assist in the assembly of amino acids into proteins |
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Term
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum? |
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Definition
| consists of stacks of flattened sacs involved in the production of various materials |
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Term
| How to the endoplasmic reticulum make glycoproteins? |
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Definition
| When ribosomes are present, it attaches polysaccharide groups to polypeptides as they are assembled by the ribosomes |
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Term
| What is the function of smooth ER? |
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Definition
synthesis of lipids and hormones
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