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DAO Terminology
Terms
195
Other
Professional
09/11/2012

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Term
Class I Angle's Classification of Malocclusion
Definition
the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar opposes the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar (orthognathic)
Term
Class II Angle's Classification of Malocclusion
Definition
the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar (retrognathic)
Term
Class III Angle's Classification of Malocclusion
Definition
the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is distal to the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar (prognathic)
Term
Centric Relation
Definition
the relationship of the mandible to the maxilla when the condyles are in an orthopedically stable position. This occurs when the condyles are in their most superio-amterior position, resting on the posterior slopes of the articular eminences with the disks properly interposed. Can exist at any degree of jaw separation.
Term
Centric Occlusion
Definition
the vertical and horizontal postion of the mandible in which the cusps of the maxillary and mandibular teeth interdigitate maximally
Term
Eccentric Occlusion
Definition
any occlusion other than centric occlusion.
Term
working position
Definition
the side towards which the mandible moves
Term
non-working(balancing)position
Definition
the side away from which the mandible moves
Term
protrusive position
Definition
anterior position of the mandible when both condyles move forward five (5) millimeters from centric occlusion
Term
vertical dimension
Definition
the length of the lower third of the face
Term
rest
Definition
the vertical dimension of the face when the mandible is in postural (physiologic rest) position
Term
occlusion
Definition
the vertical dimension of the face when the teeth are in centric occlusion contact
Term
curve of spee
Definition
anterioposterior curvature of the occlusal surfaces beginning at he tip of the mandibular canine and following the buccal cusp tips of the premolars and molars and continuing to the anterior border of the ramus
Term
curve of wilson
Definition
mediolateral curvature of the cusp tips of similar teeth on each side of the mandibular arch
Term
centric supporting cusps
Definition
lingual cusps of maxillary posterior teeth and the buccal cusps of mandibular teeth
Term
non-centric supporting cusps
Definition
buccal cusps of maxillary posterior teeth and lingual cusps of mandibular posterior teeth
Term
median line
Definition
an imaginary line between the 2 central incisors
Term
diastema
Definition
space or gap between 2 adjacent teeth in the same dental arch
Term
proximal
Definition
next to or adjoining. Used to describe the surfaces between teeth
Term
horizontal overlap
Definition
the projection of the anterior and/or posterior teeth of one arch beyond their antagonists in a horizontal direction (overjet)
Term
vertical overlap
Definition
the extension vertically of the upper teeth over the lower teeth (facially) and the lower teeth over the upper teeth (lingually) when the opposing posterior teth are in contact in centric occlusion
Term
plane of occlusion
Definition
an imaginary surface that theoretically touches the incisal edges of the mandibular incisors and the tips of the occluding surfaces of the posterior teeth
Term
condylar guidance
Definition
the path the horizontal rotation axis of the condyle travels diring normal mandibular opening. it is measured in degrees as related to Frankfort's horizontal plane
Term
incisal guidance
Definition
the influence on mandibular movement of the lingual surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth expressed in degrees with the horizontal plane
Term
stomatognathic system
Definition
the combination of all the structures involved in speech, esthetics, and the receiving, mastication and deglutition of food
Term
bones
Definition
support and guides movement
Term
muscles
Definition
move and/or fix bones
Term
ligaments
Definition
limits movements
Term
What makes up the buccinator mechanism?
Definition
orbicularis oris
buccinator muscles
pterygomandibular raphe
superior constrictor muscle
Term
tongue
Definition
chief organ for taste; important in speech, mastication and deglutition
Term
vascular and nerve supply
Definition
system of transport of nutrients and waste and motor/sensory nervous innervation of tissue of the stomatognathic system
Term
hard palate
Definition
roof of the mouth, separating the nasal cavity and oral cavity
Term
soft palate
Definition
soft tissue suspension from the dorsal edge of the hard palate; consists of mucous membrane containing muscles, glands, etc. The uvula hangs from its caudal border
Term
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Definition
a bilateral articulation of the mandible with the skull
Term
articulating surfaces
Definition
allows motion
-upper and lower compartments
Term
ligaments
Definition
limits motion
Term
musculature
Definition
facilitates motion
Term
ameloblasts
Definition
forms enamel from ectoderm
Term
odontoblasts
Definition
forms dentin from mesoderm
Term
cementoblasts
Definition
forms cementum from mesoderm
Term
apposition phase
Definition
involves the later-like deposition of extracellular matrix of the hard dental structures
Term
calcification
Definition
the process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by a deposit of calcium salts within its substance
Term
eruption
Definition
the act of breaking out, appearing, becoming visible
Term
attrition
Definition
wearing away of the external tooth structure while the teeth are in function. (normal)
Term
erosion
Definition
abnormal loss of tooth structure by chemical means such as acid dissolution of tooth structure
Term
abrasion
Definition
abnormal or excessive wearing away of teeth by mechanical means, such as heavy tooth brushing or bad chewing habits. (abnormal condition)
Term
bruxism
Definition
an oral habit, consisting of involuntary rhythmic grinding and clenching of the teeth; usually during sleep. (however, it may occur at other times)
Term
enamel
Definition
inorganic 96%
organic 4%
Term
dentin
Definition
inorganic 70%
organic 20%
water 10%
Term
cementum
Definition
inorganic 40-50%
organic 50-55%
Term
bone
Definition
inorganic 60-65%
organic 30-35%
Term
pulp
Definition
the soft tissue occupying the central cavity of a tooth
Term
pulp cavity
Definition
the entire central cavity in a tooth, which contains the dental pulp. It consists of 3 main parts: pulp horns, pulp chamber, and pulp canals
Term
Pulp chamber
Definition
the enlarged portion of the pulp cavity which lies mostly in the central portiion of the crown. However, the pulp chamber more accurately located in the crown and the root. A cross section of the tooth at the cementoenamel junction cut throught the pulp chamber
Term
pulp horns
Definition
extensions of the pulp chamber toward the occlusal surface or the incisal edge of a tooth. they extend into the developmental lobes of each tooth
Term
pulp canals
Definition
those parts of the pulp cavity which traverses the root of a tooth. they serve as channels for blood vessels and nerves to communicate with the pulp chamber and tissues that surround the teeth
Term
apical foramen
Definition
the minute opening of the pulp canal at the apex of the root
Term
accessory canals
Definition
small branches from the main pulp canal
Term
The OMG's (overlap-meet-gap)of the Cemento-Enamel Junction
Definition
60-65% inorganic
30% organic
10% water
Term
balanced occlusion
Definition
presents a harmonious relation of the occlusal surfaces in centric and eccentric positions
Term
occlusal disease
Definition
the sum total of the pathological processes precipitated by occlusal disharmony
Term
Signs & Symptoms of occlusal disease
Definition
pulpitis
periodontal breakdown
premature occlusal contacts
temporomandibular joint disease
Term
Signs of temporomandibular joint disease
Definition
hypertonicity of muscles
stiffness and sore neck
headaches
spasms
trismus
Term
occlusal disharmony (malocclusion)
Definition
contacts of opposing and adjacent surfaces of teeth that are not in harmony with other contacts and with the anatomic and physiologic controls of the mandible
Term
pathologic occlusion
Definition
on in which insufficient harmony exists so that pathology is precipitated
Term
physiologic occlusion
Definition
occlusion of teeth that is in harmony with the anatomic and physiolofic controls of the mandible, so as NOT to produce pathology in the tissues
Term
occlusion
Definition
any contact between the incising or masticating surfaces of the upper and lower teeth
the relationship between the occlusal surfaces of the maxillary and mandbular teeth when they are in contact
Term
occlude
Definition
to bring together
Term
articulation
Definition
the contact relationship of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth while in action
Term
xerostomia
Definition
dryness of the mouth resulting form functional or organic disturbances of the salivary grands and lack of the normal secretion. dryness and resultant overgrowth of oral microorganisms frequently lead to rampant caries
Term
vibrating line
Definition
the imaginary line across the posterior part of the palae marking the division between the movable and relatively immovable tissues of the palate
Term
trismus
Definition
spasms of the muscles of mastication, resulting in the inability to open the mouth, often symptomatic of pericoronitis
Term
tragus of the ear
Definition
a prominence in front of the opening of the external ear
Term
What are the tooth surfaces?
Definition
labial, buccal, facial, lingual, occlusal, proximal, mesial, distal
Term
labial
Definition
surface of incisors and canines (toward the lips)
Term
buccal
Definition
surfaces of premolars and molars (toward the cheeks)
Term
facial
Definition
labial and buccal surfaces collectively
Term
lingual
Definition
surfaces toward the tongue
Term
occlusal
Definition
surfaces of premolars and molars which come in contact with the premolars and molars in the opposite jaw during closure or occlusion
Term
proximal
Definition
surfaces of teeth facing toward adjoining teeth in same dental arch
Term
mesial
Definition
toward medial line (straight)
Term
distal
Definition
away from medial line (more rounded)
Term
symphysis (mandibular)
Definition
the line of union of the lateral halves of the body of the mandible. This fusion is with fibrocartilage
Term
succedaneous teeth
Definition
permanent teeth that take the place of the deciduous teeth
Term
Which teeth are nonsuccedaneous?
Definition
molars
Term
Which teeth are succedaneous?
Definition
permanent incisors, canine and premolars
Term
sigmoid notch
Definition
forms the sharp upper border of the ramus between the condyle and coronoid process
Term
sharpey's fibers
Definition
collagenous fibers the become incorporated into cementum and bone
Term
saliva
Definition
the clear, slightly acid mucoserous secretion formed in the parotid, submaxillary, sublingual and smaller oral mucous glands. it has lubricative, cleansing, bactericidal, excretory and digestive functions and is also an aid to deglutition
Term
radicular
Definition
pertaining to the root
Term
pulpalgia
Definition
the sensitivity of the pulp to pain
Term
prophylaxis
Definition
the prevention of disease. a series of procedures whereby calculus, stain and other accretions are removed from the clinical crowns of the teeth, and the clinical crowns of the teeth are polished
Term
peroral
Definition
through or about the mouth
Term
pericoronitis
Definition
inflammation of the operculum or tissue flap over a partially erupted tooth, particularly a third molar.inflammation arund a crown, particularly the inflammation of a partially erupted
Term
parol
Definition
oral or verbal; expressed by speech only; not expressed in writing
Term
paramolar
Definition
a supernumerary tooth located buccal, lingual or distal to a normal molar
Term
overlap
Definition
projection of the anterior and/or posterior teeth of one arch beyond their antagoinists.
Term
overjet
Definition
horizontal overlap
Term
overbite
Definition
vertical overlap
Term
orbitale
Definition
the lowest point in the margin of the orbit (directly below the pupil when the eye is open and patient is looking straight ahead) that may readily be gelt under the skin.
Term
What passes through the orbitale and tragion?
Definition
eye-ear plane
Term
operatory
Definition
the room or rooms in which the dentist performs professional services
Term
openbite
Definition
a malformation in which the teeth do not occlude in any mandibular position
Term
odontogenesis
Definition
the process of tooth formation
Term
odontectomy
Definition
the removal of a tooth (extraction)
Term
odontalgia
Definition
pain in a tooth; toothache
Term
occlusion
Definition
the act of closure or state of being closed; any contact between the incising or masticating surfaces of the upper and lower teeth
Term
non-parol
Definition
written expression
Term
nursing bottle caries
Definition
dental caries of the maxillary primary teeth caused by the oral retention of milk or formula in the mouth
Term
menton
Definition
the most inferior point on the chin in the lateral view; a cephalometric landmark
Term
masticatory force
Definition
force applied by the muscles attached to the mandible during mastication. it may be as much as 35,000 lbs per square inch
Term
Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs
Definition
the basic needs of man. states that the high needs cannot be fully satisfied until the lower needs are met
Term
malocclusion
Definition
a deviation in intramaxillary and/or intermaxillary relations fo teeth that present a possible hazard to the individual's well-being
Term
luxate
Definition
be forced out of place or joint; to be displaced; to dislocate
Term
juxtaposition
Definition
adjacent situation; apposition or contact
Term
interocclusal distance
Definition
the distance between the maxillary and mandibular teeth when the mandible is in the rest position or other defined positions of the mandible to maxilla
Term
interdental papillae
Definition
the part of the gingivae filling the interproximal spaces between adjacent teeth, consisting partly of free and partly of attached gingivae
Term
incisive papillae
Definition
the elevation of soft tissure covering the foramen of the incisive or nasopalatine canal
Term
impression
Definition
an imprint or negative likeness of an object from which a positive reproduction may be made
Term
iatrogenic
Definition
originating as a result of professional care
Term
hyperocclusion
Definition
premature tooth contact during mouth closure
Term
Mulberry molars
Definition
the occlusal surface is composed of an aggregate of enamel nodules giving them the appearance of a mulberry
Term
Hutchinson's Teeth
Definition
malformed teeth commonly caused by the presence of congenital syphilis during tooth development
Term
Hutchinson's Incisors
Definition
usually shorter than normal and show a single permanent notch on each incisal edge and are screwdriver shaped
Term
Hutchinson's triad
Definition
interstitial keratitis, deafness (otitis media), Hutchinsonian teeth resulting from congenital syphilis
Term
Halitosis
Definition
(bad breath, bromopnea, fetor exore, offensive breath) Offensive odor of the breath resulting from local and metabolic conditions
Term
gonion
Definition
the most posterior-inferior point of the angle of the mandible near the lower border of the ramus
Term
gomphosis
Definition
a form of joint in which a conical bodyis fastened into a socket, as a tooth is fastened into the jaw
Term
furcation
Definition
region of division of the root portion of a tooth
Term
Frankfort's Horizontal Plane
Definition
a craniometric plane determined by the inferior border (infraorbital notch) of the bony orbits and the upper margin of the external auditory meatus. It passes through the two orbitales (infraorbital notch) and the two tragions.
Term
What are the four tooth structures?
Definition
Hard tissues
-enamel
-cementum
-dentin
Soft tissue
-pulp
Term
flute
Definition
a depression especially found on the surface of roots of teeth
Term
External oblique ridge or line
Definition
extends obliquely across the external surface of the mandible. this ridge or shelf of bone is continuous with the surface of the ramus coronoid process and is usually most prominent the molar area
Term
evulsed tooth
Definition
a tooth that has been abnormally luxated from its alveolar support,commonly as a sequelae to trauma
Term
embrasure
Definition
'V' spaces formed by the proximal contact of adjacent teeth, which serve as spillways for the escape of food during mastication
Term
edentulous
Definition
without teeth; having lost some or all natural teeth
Term
diphyodont
Definition
having tow (2) sets of teeth
Term
mouth
Definition
May defined as the cavity at the beginning og the alimentary canal. It contains the organs of mastication and is intimately connected with the function of speech and the sense of taste
Term
buccal frena
Definition
folds of mucous membrane usually found in the canine or premolar region and extend from the buccal mucosa to the alveolar mucosa
Term
free gingiva
Definition
actually the unattached marginal tissue which encircles the neck of the teeth
Term
gingival crevice (sulcus)
Definition
the space between the neck of the tooth and the free gingiva. Approximately 1/2 to 1 millimeter in depth
Term
attached gingiva
Definition
extends from the base of the free gingiva to the muco-gingival line
Term
mandibular buccal frena
Definition
folds of mucous membrane usually found in the canine or premolar regin and extend from the buccal mucosa to the alveolar mucosa. May contain fibers of the triangularis muscle
Term
2 sets, 3 dentitions
Definition
How many sets of teeth are there?
Term
supporting structures of the teeth
Definition
(periodontium)
alveolar process
gingiva
periodontal membrane
Term
cutting edge
Definition
the edge formed by the junction of the labial and lingual surfaces of the incisor and the canines (the edge is raised to a point near its center)
Term
fissure
Definition
a fault in the surface of a tooth caused by the imperfect joining of the enamel of different lobes. Occur along the lines of the developmental grooves.
Term
fossa
Definition
a round or angular depression in the surface of a tooth. These occur mostly in the occlusal surfaces of the molars and in the lingual surfaces of the incisors and canines. Example: lingual, central, triangular
Term
groove
Definition
a developmental linear depression in a tooth surface that divide developmental lobes
Term
developmental grooves
Definition
finely depressed lines in the enamel of a tooth surface
Term
supplemental grooves
Definition
grooves that do not belong to the typical form of a tooth
Term
lobe
Definition
part of a tooth formed by any one of the separate points of calcification
Term
supplemental lobe
Definition
a lobe that does not belong to the typcal form of the tooth (an additional lobe)
Term
pit
Definition
a sharp, pointed depression in the enamel. Occur mostly where several developmental grooves joins as in the occlusal surfaces of the molars, and at the ending of the buccal groove son the buccal surface of the molars.
Term
oblique ridge
Definition
a ridge running obliquely across the occlusal surface of the upper molars. It is formed by the union of the triangular ridge of the distobuccal cusp with the distal ridge of the mesiolingual cusp
Term
transverse ridge
Definition
a ridge formed by two triangular ridges which join to form a continuous ridge running transversely on the occlusal surface of a premolar or molar tooth
Term
triangular ridge
Definition
a ridge running from the tip of a cusp toward the central portion of the occlusal surface of a premolar and molars
Term
sulcus
Definition
a noticeable long-shaped depression on the surface of a tooth, the inclines of which meet in an angle. It has a developmental groove at the junction of inclines.
Term
tubercle
Definition
a slightly rounded elevation on the surface of a tooth. occur frequently on the linguo-gingival ridge of the incisors, and occasionally on various parts of other teeth. they are deviations from the typical tooth forms
Term
septum
Definition
that portion of the alveolar process which lies between the roots of adjacent teeth, separating their alveoli
Term
incisive fossa
Definition
a shallow depression immediately posterior to the symphysis and immediately above the mental protuberance
Term
mental protuberances
Definition
a prominent triangular surface made by the symphysis and the two mental tubercles
Term
mental tubercles
Definition
two prominences ot the right and left of the symphysis, near the lower border of the mandible
Term
abfraction
Definition
process of cervical loss of tooth structure caused by eccentric occlusal force causing tooth flexure in the cervical area
Term
false ankylosis
Definition
an inability to open the mouth because of trismus rather than disease of the joint
Term
fibrous ankylosis
Definition
fixation of a joint by fibrous tissue
Term
ankylosis of tooth
Definition
abnormal calcification of the periodontal ligament resulting in abnormal fixation of tooth
Term
apex
Definition
tip; summit; the point or extremity of a concave object
Term
arch form
Definition
the contour of the dental arches, often classification as square, tapering or ovoid
Term
attached gingiva
Definition
portion of the gingiva that is firm and resilient and is bound to the underlying cememtal and alveolar bone, thus being immovable
Term
boley gauge
Definition
a vernier type of instrument used for measureing in the metric sustem. it is accurate to tenths of millimeters
Term
Camper's line
Definition
the line running from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the superior border of the tragus of the ear
Term
deglutition
Definition
the act of swallowing
Term
dilaceration
Definition
severe angular distortion in the root of a tooth or at the junction of the root and crown resulting from the trauma during root development
Term
First need
Definition
air, food, water
Term
second need
Definition
safety, including protection and freedom from fear and anxiety
Term
third need
Definition
to love, and to be loved
Term
fourth need
Definition
self-esteem
Term
fifth need
Definition
self-actualization (ultimate need)
Term
labial and lingual
Definition
On the crown of the maxillary canine, the height of contour is normally located in the cervical third of which of the following surfaces?
Term
mandibular central incisors
Definition
Which of the following teeth have Proximal contact areas at approximately the same level cervicoincisally, or cervico-occlusally, on the mesial and distal?
Term
thicker crown labiolingually
Definition
when compared to the maxillary central incisor, the maxillary canine normally exhibits?
Term
Max 1st Premolar
Definition
which tooth is likely to have a bifurcated root?
Term
forward movement of the condyle from the articular fossa
Definition
contracture of the lateral pterygoid muscle produces
Term
its cusp tip will be lingual to a line bisecting the root
Definition
A mandibular canine viewed from the mesial aspect may be differentiated from a maxillary canine in that:
Term
working side or nonbalancing side
Definition
rotating condyle functions on the
Term
translation
Definition
That basic form of movement occurring when a body is displaced along one of its main axes:
Term
the buccal cusp is distally;
the lingual cusp is mesially
Definition
in the maxillary 1st premolar how are the cusp tips displaced
Term
triangular ridge
Definition
any ridge on a posterior tooth that descends from the cusp tip and runs to the central area of the occlusal surface is called a:
Term
right lateral pterygoid muscle
Definition
which muscle is primarily responsible for moving the mandible to the left working position
Term
lingual cusps of maxillary molars
Definition
takes the role of centric-holding cusps
Term
2nd premolar and 1st molar
Definition
in intercuspal position, the maxillary 2nd premolar opposes the mandibular
Term
horizontal condylar guidance
Definition
angulation of the superior wall of the glenoid fossa is represented on the articulator by the
Term
central incisors
Definition
mandibular teeth that have a single antagonist when brought together in the most common occlusion
Term
Max 1st premolar
Definition
Following characteristics apply to which tooth:
The central groove runs in a mesiodistal direction.
The mesial contact area is toward the mesiofacial line angle.
The mesial surface has the deepest concavity found on the mesial surface
of any permanent posterior tooth
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