Term
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Definition
-deficiency of one or more anterior and/or posterior pituitary hormones
-can be:
1. congenital; fast death if untreated
2. Acquired from pituitary or hypothalamus (usually in adults; *tumors*, cysts, infections, inflammation and infiltration, vascular, radiation, other (TBI, pituitary stalk transection, subarachnoid, neurosurgery, cerebral edema, radiation
-more often caused by pituitary than hypothalamic problem |
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Term
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Definition
-excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of dilute very dilute urine
-types:
1. Neurogenic/Central DI- lack of ADH prodxn in brain (vascular, autoimmune, infection, sarcoidosis, some drugs, surgery, head trauma, benign/ metastatic pituitary-hypothalamic tumor; most common type of DI in humans
2. Nephrogenic DI- insensitivity of kidneys or nephrons to ADH; second most common type
3. Gestational DI- only in pregnancy; excessive vasopressinase prodxn in placenta
4. Dipsogenic DI- damage to thirst mechanism in hypothalamus, incr. thirst and fluid intake shuts off ADH prodxn
5. Li, alcoholism, drug abuse DI- Li blocks reabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
| -release of ADH not inhibited by a reduction in plasma osmolality |
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Term
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Definition
-group of metabolic dx's resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
1. T1DM- IDDM or juvenile-onset diabetes; immune system destroys pancreatic B-cells that make insulin; used insulin delivered injections; risk factors are autoimmune, environmental, no way to prevent; immune-mediated 90%, idiopathic 10%
2. T2DM- NIDDM; 90% americans w/ DM; insulin resistance mainly from visceral obesity, with a defect in compensatory insulin secretion; STRONG genetic predisposition, most >40 yo and obese when diagnosed |
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Term
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Definition
-autoimmune hyperthyroidism
-IgG mimics TSH to bind to thyroid and release T4/T3
-will see exopthalmos |
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Term
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Definition
-autoimmune hypothyroidism
-antibodies attack thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
-s/s's associated with high levels of the ormone cortisol
-can be caused by glucocorticoids or dx's that cause excessive cortisol, ACTH, or CRH |
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Term
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Definition
-hypocortisolism, or hypoadrenalism
-body doesn't produce enough/any glucocorticoids |
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Term
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Definition
-genetic disoreder deficiency of gonadotropins only
-gonadotrophic cells of pituitary don't develop
-anosmia giveaway sx |
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Term
| Bardet-Biedl/ Prader-Willi Syndrome |
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Definition
-genetic defect of pituitary hormones
-pituitary cell colonies don't develop properly |
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