Term
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Definition
| Formation and development of female gamete(ovum) |
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Term
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Definition
Results in sperm
Made in testes |
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Term
| Where does fertilization occur? |
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Definition
| In the outer third portion of the fallopian tubes |
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Term
| What day does fertilization probably occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| High estrogen levels increase what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many days does the fertilized ovum take to spiral down into the uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| After a female egg is fertilized, the resulting one-celled organism becomes known as a zygote |
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Term
| How many chromosomes does a zygote have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| An X and Y chromosome make a? |
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Definition
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Term
| The zygote stage is how long and why? |
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Definition
About two weeks
One week for the ovum to get to the uterus
Another week to become firmly implanted |
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Term
| From implantation (2 weeks) to 8 weeks the zygote is called? |
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Definition
| An embryo (cells dividing layers being formed) |
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Term
| From week 9 forward what is the embryo referred to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is full gestation of a fetus? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do we refer to the fetus as a "baby"? |
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Definition
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Term
| The cells dividing quickly(app 3 days) 2-4-16 are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The cells further dividing(5-7 days) 32 cells is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What implants into the thickened endometrium? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Develops around 35 days
A ring around the blastocyst that divides into different layers and one of the layers will become the placenta |
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Term
| The blastocyst imbeds into the endometrium how many days after fertilization? |
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Definition
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Term
| The blastocyst secretes what hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| HCG signals what to where? |
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Definition
| Signals to the corpus lutheum to keep secreting progesterone and don't disintegrate |
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Term
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Definition
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
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Term
| What hormone tells when a woman is pregnant on a home pregnancy test? |
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Definition
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
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Term
| How many weeks does it take to complete the implantation process? |
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Definition
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Term
| After the implantation process the endemetrium name changes to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is gestation (growth and development) of the fetus? |
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Definition
280 days or 10 lunar months
38-42 weeks |
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Term
| When does cell differentiation occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Inner layer (Forms the amnionic sac)
Secrete fluid (eventually amnionic fluid) |
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Term
| What does the amnionic fluid do? |
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Definition
Maintain temperature
Symmetrical growth
Movement, shock absorber
Prevents skin from sticking to amnion |
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Term
|
Definition
Endo(Inside)
Respiratory system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When can an heartbeat be heard? |
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Definition
| At 5th. week (More like see on a sonogram little flutters) |
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Term
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Definition
| A circular structure that forms at the bottom of the embryo and this forms RBC for first 6 weeks |
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Term
|
Definition
A tempory organ
Attached to the uterus
Transfer station
One side attached to mom other side has umbilical cord |
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Term
| The placenta is vital because? |
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Definition
| It takes nutrients from mom and pass it along to the fetus as well as taking waste from fetus and mom excretes it |
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Term
| The fetus and mom do not share? |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs can pass through the? |
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Definition
Placenta
A - Do not cross
B - crosses without severe defects
C - crosses placental membrane with some effect
X - cannot be given |
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Term
| The placenta is capable of metabolism it produces? |
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Definition
| Fatty acids, glycogen, cholesterol |
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Term
| What are some placental hormones? |
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Definition
Progesterone - Maintains uterine lining, reduces uterine contractions, prepares alveolar glands
Estrogen - Stimulates uterine growth, increases blood flow to uterus, stimulates lactiferous duct development |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What connects the alveolar glands to the nipples? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Signals to corpus luteum, regulates steroid production in fetus |
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Term
| Human Placental Lactogen (HPL) does what? |
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Definition
Helps increase glucose production helps with breast development, increases resistance to insulin
Makes glucose resistant to the insulin |
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Term
| At around 12-16 weeks the HPL does what? |
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Definition
End of first trimester HPL diminishes because the fetus doesn't need abnormally high amounts of glucose
Insulin should kick in and bring BS back to normal if not gestational diabetes can develop |
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Term
| Why does mom not become hyperglycemic in first trimester? |
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Definition
| Cause HPL is making mom resistant to insulin and excess glucose is going to fetus |
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Term
| The size of the umbilical cord is? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the umbilical cord surrounded by? |
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Definition
| Whartons jelly-white gelatinous connective tissue |
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Term
| How many structures in the umbilical cord? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Two arteries
One vein
In the umbilical cord |
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Term
| The umbilical arteries takes the waste? |
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Definition
| away from the fetus and brings it to the placenta to be metabolized then mom will excrete the waste |
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Term
| The umbilical vein does what? |
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Definition
Carries oxygen and nutrients to fetus
through RBC |
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Term
| Fetal development 5 weeks? Heartbeat |
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Definition
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Term
| Fetal development 12 weeks? Heartbeat |
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Definition
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Term
| Fetal development 20 weeks? Heartbeat |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Before birth
interchanged with antipartam |
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Term
| What are teratogens and why should they be avoided? |
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Definition
Anything that interferes with fetal development
(alcohol, smoking etc) |
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Term
| What is the frequency of visits? |
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Definition
From fertilization to 28 weeks
every 4 weeks
29-36 every 2 weeks
from 37 weeks-delivery - every week |
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Term
|
Definition
Detect fetal movement
Identify embryo or fetus
Gestational sac as early as 4-5 weeks
Safe to fetus uses soundwaves |
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Term
|
Definition
Only done when we need more info or some kind of problem
Invasive and can cause preterm delivery of fetus
Can tell sex/fetal status/genetic problems
Before 20 weeks ideal
Bedrest 10-12 hours after |
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Term
| What is amennorrhea? Presumptive signs |
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Definition
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Term
| What does linea nigra mean? Presumptive signs |
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Definition
High levels of estrogen
Darkening of skin from umbilicus to the pubis |
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Term
| What is chloasma? Presumptive signs |
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Definition
Facial changes (glowing from pregnancy)
Glowing cause of estrogen |
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Term
| What is quickening? Presumptive signs |
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Definition
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Term
| What is hegars sign? Probable signs |
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Definition
| Insert two fingers in and compress. Feel lower segment of the uterus |
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Term
| What is goodells sign? Probable signs |
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Definition
| Feel the cervix to see if thinner and softer |
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Term
| What is the only true sign of pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Increase blood flow
Changes in colon
Blueish gray vagina walls |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeling for fluid in abdomen |
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Term
| What is another positive sign of pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Fetal movement on sonagram |
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Term
| What happens to the uterus during pregnancy? |
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Definition
Uterus walls stretch and thin to hold placenta fetus and 1000cc ambiotic fluid
10 times its size |
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Term
| What happens to the cervix during pregnancy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What happens to the ovaries? |
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Definition
| Continues to secrete estrogen |
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Term
| Why is there no ovulation? |
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Definition
| The estrogen levels are too high too stimulate FSH cause FSH gets stimulated by LOW levels of estrogen and progesterone |
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Term
| What happens to the Fallopian tubes during pregnancy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What happens to the vagina during pregnancy? |
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Definition
Increased blood supply
Thicker, increase in secretions |
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Term
| What happens to the breasts during pregnancy? |
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Definition
Alveolar glands develop (milk produced)
Areola darkens (protected by tubercles of montgomery) |
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Term
| In the respiratory system what happens during pregnancy? |
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Definition
Diaphragm up
Respiration increases |
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Term
| In CV system what happens during pregnancy? |
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Definition
Up and to the left
Increase blood volume 35-50%
Decrease Hct |
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Term
| What happens to vitals during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Vitals should stay normal |
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Term
|
Definition
| Due to change in hormones usually morning sometimes at night not normal to happen all day and an expected change |
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Term
|
Definition
Estrogen
Could cause bleeding gums |
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Term
|
Definition
Common occurrence due to pressure
Tissue outside the rectum
Varicose veins |
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Term
|
Definition
Excessive secretion of saliva
Usually subsides at end of first trimester |
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Term
|
Definition
Ingestion of non food items or strange combination of foods - craving things we don't usually ingest
chalk
detergent
dirt
Not harmful |
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Term
|
Definition
First and Third HIGH
Second Uterus rises up and frequency low |
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Term
| What is striae gravidarum? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is skeletal lordosis? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Estimated date of delivery? (EDD)
Identify first day of last menstrual period
Count back 3 months
Add 7 days
Only an estimate |
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Term
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Definition
| # of times mom has been pregnant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| # of pregnancies that have gone pass 24 weeks (age of viability) whether infant was dead or alive |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
G# of pregnancies
T# 38-42
P# 24-37
A# of abortions
L# of living children |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Recommended weight gain for mom of normal weight? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If mom is underweight how much do we want her to gain? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If mom is overweight how much do we want her to gain? |
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Definition
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Term
| First trimester weight gain from? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Second trimester weight gain from? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Third trimester weight gain from? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Calories per day for mom and teenage moms? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How fluid per day for pregnant mom? |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein, calcium, and iron increase per day for pregnant mom? |
|
Definition
60g Protein
1200mg Calcium
30mg Iron |
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Term
| Vitamins for the pregnant mom? |
|
Definition
Vitamins (+prenatal vitamins)
C-70
A-800MG
D-10MG
Folic acid-400mcg |
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Term
| What are some foods to avoid while pregnant? |
|
Definition
Solid white tuna
Shark, swordfish, tilefish
Deli meats
Raw fish
Soft scrambled eggs
Caffeine
Exercise
Should be done in moderation
Can maintain non-pregnant activity |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of nasal sprays are okay for pregnant women? |
|
Definition
Normal saline
Nothing medicated |
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Term
| Common discomforts first trimester? |
|
Definition
Fatigue
Try naps
Nasal stuffiness
Fluid
Breast enlargment
Support bra |
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|
Term
| How will mom get protein calcium and iron? |
|
Definition
cooked egg yolks high in protein and iron
leafy greens and fruit for calcium
dark green veggies for iron |
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|
Term
| Folic acid is the single most important vitamin or mineral because? |
|
Definition
Decrease birth defects
Neural Tube Defects
(Decrease instances of babies being born with nervous system disorders) |
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|
Term
| Common discomforts second trimester? |
|
Definition
Backache
good shoes
Constipation
Increase fluids and roughage
Varicose veins
Elevate legs;support stockings |
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|
Term
| Common discomforts third trimester? |
|
Definition
Hemorrhoids
Sitz bath;avoid constipation
Heartburn
small meals
Dyspnea
Sleep with pillows
Leg cramps
Diet;Exercise
Edema of legs
Elevate legs;watch Na
Mood swings
Emotional support |
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|
Term
| What is the frequency of visits to the doctor for pregnant women? |
|
Definition
Conception-28 weeks - Q4 weeks
29-36 weeks - Q2 weeks
37-delivery - weekly |
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|
Term
| Mom with diabetes have to worry about? |
|
Definition
DKA- Ketones that can pass the placenta acidic blood
Monitor urine everyday and visit doctor weekly
Careful with hypoglycemia due to HPL taking alot of glucose in to the fetus
Tend to have kidney failure |
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|
Term
| Mom with heart diseases have to worry about? |
|
Definition
High cardiac output and circulatory volume
Limited activity not full bed rest |
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Term
|
Definition
High Heart rate, respiration, rales, chest pain, dyspnea, edema
Most likely c/section |
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|
Term
| Mom with anemia have to worry about? |
|
Definition
Loss of blood
additional iron and folic acid needed |
|
|
Term
| What does TORCHS stand for? |
|
Definition
Toxoplasmosis
Cat feces...Spon. abortion
Other
Group B strep, candida
Rubella
Avoid exposure
Cytomegalovirus
Mom flu like symptoms, infant poor prognosis
Herpes
spon. abortion, premature delivery
STDS
Almost always pass through placenta
Can cause blindness, HIV retest, HepB |
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|
Term
| Psychological adaptations first trimester are? |
|
Definition
Conflicted feelings
Guilt about conflicted
Mood swings |
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|
Term
| Psychological adaptations second trimester are? |
|
Definition
Pregnancy becomes "real"
Concern for baby's wellbeing |
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|
Term
| Psychological adaptations third trimester are? |
|
Definition
Starts to tire of pregnancy
Unhappy with physical changes
Concerned about labor |
|
|
Term
| When is the fetus viable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does quickening occur? |
|
Definition
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