Term
| functions of cytoskeleton |
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Definition
1)provide structural support for plasma membrane and cell organelles.
2)intracellular movement/transport of substances (large molecules/organelles)
3) cell locomotion (ameboid movement, cilia, flagella)
4) muscle contraction (specialized cells) |
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Term
| 3 main elements of the cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules |
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Term
| location of microfilaments |
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Definition
| distributed in 3d network throughout cytoplasm |
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Definition
| important in maintaining cell shape, facilitate shape changes during movement (ex: wound contraction during healing & muscle contraction) |
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Definition
subunit of actin.
small globular protein monomer.
polymerizes to form filaments |
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Definition
G-actin polymer, aka filaments
each contains 2 stands of actin twisted together to form a double helix |
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Definition
| beneath plasma membrane, links with another protein called filamin |
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Definition
filamin + actin support meshwork
prevents cell from deformation
(chain link fence perimeter for cell) |
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| found in microvilli and stereocilia |
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long rod shaped molecules with globular heads (golf club shape)
form thick ropy cables with heads sticking out sides
heads for cross bridges with adjacent filaments |
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Definition
| required for movements of filaments during muscle contraction |
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Definition
filaments with primarily structural function
heterogenous-molecular makeup varies between cells
generally form large filaments that bind to intra cellular structures |
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Definition
5 different classes, each expressed in a different cell type, however one cell may produce more than one type
used in immunohistochemistry |
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Definition
| type of IF characteristic of epithelial cells of the skin, form tonofibrils |
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Definition
| type of IF found in cells of mesodermal origin (endothelial cells, smooth muscle, & neuroectodermal cells. |
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| type of IF unique to muscle cells, mesodermal origin |
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Definition
| type of Intermed Filament present in nerve cells (neurons) |
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Term
| GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) |
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Definition
| type of IF found in glial support cells of the nervous system (astrocytes) |
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| composed of 2 types of globular protein subunits (alpha and beta tubulin) |
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| arranged in coiled spiral pattern, poylmerize to form hollow tubes which readily assemble and disassemble |
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| involved in cell movement, maintenence of cell shape, and intracellular transport of substances |
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Definition
| movement occurs via addition or subtraction of ___ subunits from microtubules |
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Definition
| attachment proteins that attach microtubules to organelles, allow movement in cytoplasm |
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Term
| MAPS (microtubule associated proteins) |
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Definition
| proteins that provide energy to MT's as ATPase |
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Term
| colchecine, vincristine, and vinblastin |
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Definition
| inhibit polymerization of MT and cell division (marijuana plants) |
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Term
| cell spindle during cell division |
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Definition
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Term
| cilia & flagella, centrioles, basal body of cilia, mitotic spindles |
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Definition
| other places MT's are found |
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| 9 pairs of MT arranged in a circle with 2 in the middle |
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| in cilia, axoneme grows from ____ ___ derived from modified centriole |
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| where centrioles are normally located (cell center) near nucleus. function in cell division. |
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| during cell division a pair of centrioles are oriented at right angles to each other within the centrosome |
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Term
| 9 triplets of MT in a cylinder |
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Definition
| arrangement of MT in each centrioles |
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Definition
| acts as a nucleation center for MT |
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| during mitosis each diplosome goes to opposite poles of cell to form this, which controls distribution of chromosomes in daughter cells |
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| movement of chromosomes occurs via addition and subtraction of tubulin subunits and attachment proteins (dynein and kinesin)to chromatids at the _____ aka the centromere |
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